Psych:development(completed)

what is the forebrain

ther anterior(frontal) part of the brain that has the hemispheres and central brain structure

what is the midbrain

the middle sections of the brain forming part of the nervouse system

what is the brain

the organ in your head made up of nerves that process information and controls your behavior

what is the hind brain

the lower part of the brain.includes the:cerebellum,pons(broccoli looking things),medulla oblongata

cerebellum

an area near the brain stem that controls motor movement

medulla oblongata

connects te upper brain to the spinal chord **also** controls motor movement

involuntary response

a response that occurs subconsciously and are automatic

neural connections

links formed by messages passing from one cell to another

What parts of the brain has been developed 3-4 weeks post birth

tube develops in the brain

these also develop:forebrain,hindbrain(locatednear the spine) and mid brain

which two components of the brain split and into what

the fore brain and and hind brain

forebrain=anterior+posterior

**mid brain does not split**

What has been developed 5 weeks post birth

the fore brain and the hind brain begin to split into two cavities

what become visible at 6 weeks

the cerebellum (triples in size 1 year later)

what is formed at 20 weeks

the medulla oblongata

what happens to the brain at 1 year post birth

the brain doubles in size

what happens to the brain at 3 years post birth

a massive increase in neural connections 200+1000 per second

what is the cerebellum responsible for

coordination

what does the frontal lobe do

concentration,planing,problem solving,motor control speach and smell

what does the parietal lobe do

body awarness,taste,touch and pressure

what does the temporal lobe do

hearing and facial recognition

what does the occipital lobe do

vision

define animism

the belief that object are alive

define object permanence

knowing that something exists even when its out of sight

define sensory

something that a person can feel

what is symbolic play

a form of play in which the child uses objects as representations of other things.

concrete thinking

‌Concrete thinking is a more literal form of thinking that focuses on the physical world

centration

focusing on one feature of a situation and ignoring relevant information

what is decrentraion

development where a child slowly moves away from an egocentric world to a world shared with others.

Abstract thinking

Abstract thinking is the ability to understand concepts that are real, such as freedom or vulnerability, but which are not directly tied to concrete physical objects and experiences.

Morality

principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour.

ways to help sensorimotor (0-2 years)

children need to be treated as individuals

stimulate them using colours,textures,tastes,sights,sounds,smell

**to build schema’s**

example of ways to help them

singing songs like the abc’s

how to help pre operational development (2-7)

by doing things and gaining experience

this is called discovery learning

they also need to be encouraged to do things themselves

example of ways to help them

models,objects and visuals with shirt instuctions

how to help concrete operational development (7-12)

to focus on multiple aspects of an issue assuming they can underst and different veiwpoints

how to help the formal operational stage

dicussing abstract concepts and complicated questions

what age group are people when they are at the sensory motive stage

0-2 years old

what do children do they they are at the sensory motive stage

Infants explore the world using their senses. They learn through smell, hearing and touch. At 6 months, they develop **object permanence** and often repeat actions such as dropping items.

what age group are people when they are at the pre operational stage

(2-7)

what do children do they they are at the pre operational stage

**Symbolic stage**:children experience animism and act egocentric .I**ntuitive stage**:Intuitive Stage is when children use reasoning to understand the world. Children can only focus on one aspect of a situation. This is known as Centration. There is also Irriversibility which they learn to understand.it is at this stage when they start to decentrate

what age group are people when they are at the pre operational stage

7-12

what do children do they they are at the Concrete operational stage

Children can apply rules and strategies to aid.their understanding and thinking.Abilities in this stage include:Seriation: Sorting objects, such as into sizeClassification: Naming and identifying objectsReversibility: can reverse actionsConversion: Understanding quantity and length stay the same.concentration: Taking multiple views

what do children do they they are at the formal operational stage

Children’s thinking has more control. They can understand abstract though, understand time and how it’s changed and can examine consequences.

what age group are people when they are at the formal operational stage

11-12 years old

what were the two aim of piagets study

the extent to which children could take on other peoples point of veiw

childrens overall system of putting together a number of veiws of what they see

describe piaget precedure

Procedure: 100 participants took part between the ages of 4-12

4 – 6.5 years = 21 children

6.5 – 8 years = 30 children

8 – 9.5 years = 33 children

9.5 – 12 years = 16

Materials:

A model of three mountains including a house, red cross, snow and a path 10 pictures the three mountains from different positions Pieces of card in the shape of mountains to represent the mountains A wooden doll

1. Place the shapes to show how the mountain looked for them and the doll

2. Pick out of 10 pictures what they could see and the doll could see

3. Choose a picture and position the doll to see that view

what were piagets results

4-6.5 could not place the doll where the veiw matches the picture

7-9 can uderstand other veiwpoints

9-10 fully understand

state three conclusions

children that were 0-7 years old were egocentric

older children were not and were able to understand other veiwpoints and construct mentl representions

this provided evidence for his his theory of three stages of development

strengths and weaknesses of piagets study

__Weaknesses__

**Validity:** Piaget’s study did not have a realistic task. Children were asked to look at mountains so the study lacks mundane realism.

**Validity:** Piaget used qualitative data. Participants may give socially desirable responses which reduces the validity.

**Generalisability:** Piaget did not have a range of cultures. He only used Swiss children.

__Strengths__

**Validity:** Piaget provided a lot of detail about children’s development. We know when children stop being egocentric.

**Reliability:** Piaget used careful controls in his study. The same mountain was used every time.

**Validity:** Piaget used qualitative data. Data is in detail and from the individual which makes it valid.

**Validity:** Children were from Switzerland and familiar with mountain scenery so the task is argued to be a natural task.

what is a schema

association besed on an experience

what is equilibrium

when a childs schemas work for them (mental balance)

what is assimilation

incorporating new ideas to schemas

what is an accomodation

when a schema stops working and needs to be changed(recognition)