Studied by 7 people
what is the forebrain
ther anterior(frontal) part of the brain that has the hemispheres and central brain structure
what is the midbrain
the middle sections of the brain forming part of the nervouse system
what is the brain
the organ in your head made up of nerves that process information and controls your behavior
what is the hind brain
the lower part of the brain.includes the:cerebellum,pons(broccoli looking things),medulla oblongata
cerebellum
an area near the brain stem that controls motor movement
medulla oblongata
connects te upper brain to the spinal chord also controls motor movement
involuntary response
a response that occurs subconsciously and are automatic
neural connections
links formed by messages passing from one cell to another
What parts of the brain has been developed 3-4 weeks post birth
tube develops in the brain
these also develop:forebrain,hindbrain(locatednear the spine) and mid brain
which two components of the brain split and into what
the fore brain and and hind brain
forebrain=anterior+posterior
mid brain does not split
What has been developed 5 weeks post birth
the fore brain and the hind brain begin to split into two cavities
what become visible at 6 weeks
the cerebellum (triples in size 1 year later)
what is formed at 20 weeks
the medulla oblongata
what happens to the brain at 1 year post birth
the brain doubles in size
what happens to the brain at 3 years post birth
a massive increase in neural connections 200+1000 per second
what is the cerebellum responsible for
coordination
what does the frontal lobe do
concentration,planing,problem solving,motor control speach and smell
what does the parietal lobe do
body awarness,taste,touch and pressure
what does the temporal lobe do
hearing and facial recognition
what does the occipital lobe do
vision
define animism
the belief that object are alive
define object permanence
knowing that something exists even when its out of sight
define sensory
something that a person can feel
what is symbolic play
a form of play in which the child uses objects as representations of other things.
concrete thinking
Concrete thinking is a more literal form of thinking that focuses on the physical world
centration
focusing on one feature of a situation and ignoring relevant information
what is decrentraion
development where a child slowly moves away from an egocentric world to a world shared with others.
Abstract thinking
Abstract thinking is the ability to understand concepts that are real, such as freedom or vulnerability, but which are not directly tied to concrete physical objects and experiences.
Morality
principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour.
ways to help sensorimotor (0-2 years)
children need to be treated as individuals
stimulate them using colours,textures,tastes,sights,sounds,smell
to build schema’s
example of ways to help them
singing songs like the abc’s
how to help pre operational development (2-7)
by doing things and gaining experience
this is called discovery learning
they also need to be encouraged to do things themselves
example of ways to help them
models,objects and visuals with shirt instuctions
how to help concrete operational development (7-12)
to focus on multiple aspects of an issue assuming they can underst and different veiwpoints
how to help the formal operational stage
dicussing abstract concepts and complicated questions
what age group are people when they are at the sensory motive stage
0-2 years old
what do children do they they are at the sensory motive stage
Infants explore the world using their senses. They learn through smell, hearing and touch. At 6 months, they develop object permanence and often repeat actions such as dropping items.
what age group are people when they are at the pre operational stage
(2-7)
what do children do they they are at the pre operational stage
Symbolic stage:children experience animism and act egocentric .Intuitive stage:Intuitive Stage is when children use reasoning to understand the world. Children can only focus on one aspect of a situation. This is known as Centration. There is also Irriversibility which they learn to understand.it is at this stage when they start to decentrate
what age group are people when they are at the pre operational stage
7-12
what do children do they they are at the Concrete operational stage
Children can apply rules and strategies to aid.their understanding and thinking.Abilities in this stage include:Seriation: Sorting objects, such as into sizeClassification: Naming and identifying objectsReversibility: can reverse actionsConversion: Understanding quantity and length stay the same.concentration: Taking multiple views
what do children do they they are at the formal operational stage
Children’s thinking has more control. They can understand abstract though, understand time and how it’s changed and can examine consequences.
what age group are people when they are at the formal operational stage
11-12 years old
what were the two aim of piagets study
the extent to which children could take on other peoples point of veiw
childrens overall system of putting together a number of veiws of what they see
describe piaget precedure
Procedure: 100 participants took part between the ages of 4-12
4 – 6.5 years = 21 children
6.5 – 8 years = 30 children
8 – 9.5 years = 33 children
9.5 – 12 years = 16
Materials:
A model of three mountains including a house, red cross, snow and a path 10 pictures the three mountains from different positions Pieces of card in the shape of mountains to represent the mountains A wooden doll
Place the shapes to show how the mountain looked for them and the doll
Pick out of 10 pictures what they could see and the doll could see
Choose a picture and position the doll to see that view
what were piagets results
4-6.5 could not place the doll where the veiw matches the picture
7-9 can uderstand other veiwpoints
9-10 fully understand
state three conclusions
children that were 0-7 years old were egocentric
older children were not and were able to understand other veiwpoints and construct mentl representions
this provided evidence for his his theory of three stages of development
strengths and weaknesses of piagets study
Weaknesses
Validity: Piaget’s study did not have a realistic task. Children were asked to look at mountains so the study lacks mundane realism.
Validity: Piaget used qualitative data. Participants may give socially desirable responses which reduces the validity.
Generalisability: Piaget did not have a range of cultures. He only used Swiss children.
Strengths
Validity: Piaget provided a lot of detail about children’s development. We know when children stop being egocentric.
Reliability: Piaget used careful controls in his study. The same mountain was used every time.
Validity: Piaget used qualitative data. Data is in detail and from the individual which makes it valid.
Validity: Children were from Switzerland and familiar with mountain scenery so the task is argued to be a natural task.
what is a schema
association besed on an experience
what is equilibrium
when a childs schemas work for them (mental balance)
what is assimilation
incorporating new ideas to schemas
what is an accomodation
when a schema stops working and needs to be changed(recognition)
Note 
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