anatomy and physiology(the peripheral nervous system)

peripheral nervous system

all nervous tissue outside the CNS

endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium

three protective tissue coverings

endoneurium

around each axon

perineurium 

around fascicle of axons

epineurium 

around several fascicles, continuous from dura mater of CNS

sensory, motor, and mixed

three types of cranial nerves

olfactory, sense of smell, temporal lobe

cranial nerve I

optic, sense of vision, occipital lobe

cranial nerve II

rods

dark

cone

color

oculomotor, movement of eye

cranial nerve III

trochlear, movement of eye

cranial nerve IV

trigeminal, has 3 branches

cranial nerve V

ophthalmic

through superior orbital fissure

maxillary

through foramen rotundum

mandibular

through formmen ovale

abducens, movement of eye

cranial nerve VI

facial, parietal lobe 

cranial neve VII

vestibulocochlear, sense of hearing and equilibrium, temporal lobe

cranial nerve VIII

glossopharyngeal, impulses for taste from posterior tongue

cranial nerve IX

vagus, impulses to muscles of pharynx and larynx

cranial nerve X

accessory, movement of head

cranial nerve XI

hypoglossal, movement of tongue

cranial nerve XII

31 pairs, mixed nerves

spinal nerves

cervical nerves

8

thoracic nerves

12

lumbar nerves

5

sacral nerves 

5

coccygeal nerves 

1

thoracic(T2-T12)

all have plexus except

C1-C5

cervical plexus

C5-T1

brachial plexus

L1-L4

lumbar plexus

L4-L5 and S1-S4

sacral plexus

phrenic nerve and brachial plexus

what nerve and plexus are in the cervical plexus

femoral nerve

what nerve is in the lumbar plexus

sciatic nerve

what nerve is in the sacral plexus

somatic reflex and autonomic reflex

reflexes functional classification

somatic reflex

contraction of skeletal muscles(have control)

autonomic reflex

contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle(doesn’t have control)

stretch reflex and flexor reflex

somatic reflex examples

ipsilateral

sensory and motor neurons same side of the body

contralateral

opposite sides of body