Science revision cause tung sahur said I had to study

I was a girl in a village doing alright but then I became a princess overnight!

What’s an Atom?

Atoms are the building blocks of matter, they are the smallest particle/unit of matter and can not be created, destroyed or broken down

What are the 3 Sub-Atomic particles that make up an atom

-Proton
-Neutron
-Electron

What is a Proton and where is it located?

It is a POSITIVELY charged subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom

What is a Neutron and where is it located?

It is an UNCHARGED/NEUTRAL subatomic particle (meaning it has no charge) that is found in the nucleus of an atom

What is an Electron and where is it located?

It is a NEGATIVELY charged subatomic particle that is found in the ELECTRON CLOUD/ELECTRON SHELL (meaning it orbits the nucleus)

Define Monatomic

Consisting of a single atom

What’s a Diatomic Molecule?

A molecule that consists of 2 atoms

What is the Atomic Number?

It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Define Element

A pure substance made up of only ONE TYPE of atom (eg. Hydrogen and Oxygen)

Where are Elements listed and how many Elements are there?

Elements are listed on the periodic table, and there are currently 118 known elements

What’s a Molecule

A group of 2 or more atoms bonded together (eg. a water molecule)

What’s a Molecular Element?

It is a molecule that contains 2 or more of the same atoms bonded together

What’s a Compound?

It is a substance made up of 2 or more DIFFERENT types of atoms bonded together

What is a Polymer?

It is a long chain molecule formed by the joining of many smaller repeating molecules

What is a Lattice?

It is a 3D arrangement of particles in a regular repeating pattern

What are the Properties or Metals?

Metals are:
-Solid at ROOM TEMPERATURE
-Conductor of HEAT
-Conductor of ELECTRICITY
-Hard
-Lustrous (SHINY)
-Malleable (EASY TO CHANGE SHAPE)
-Ductile (EASY TO STRETCH WITHOUT BREAKING)

What are the Properties of Non-Metals?

Non-Metals are:
-Liquid or gas at ROOM TEMPERATURE
-Insulator of HEAT (btw insulator means the opposite of conductor)
-Insulator of ELECTRICITY
-Soft
-Dull
-Rigid
-Brittle

What are Metalloids?

They are a mixture of properties between metals and non-metals. There are only 6 known metalloids and they are: Silicon, Boron, Antimony, Arsenic, Germanium, and Tellurium

Define Semiconductor

Conducts electricity under CERTAIN CONDITIONS

What is a GROUP on the Periodic Table?

Groups are VERTICAL and mean they share similar properties

What’s a PERIOD on the Periodic Table?

Periods are HORIZONTAL and mean they share similar electron shell/cloud placements

Where are Non-Metallic and Metallic elements found on the Periodic Table?

Non-Metallic=On the RIGHT SIDE
Metallic=On the LEFT SIDE

What are Physical Properties?

They are features that can be observed without a chemical reaction occurring

What are Chemical Properties?

They are features that can only be observed during a chemical reaction, it is a process by which a substance is changed to one or more different substances

Name some Physical Properties

• Change in shape or appearance

• Easily reversible

• Changing of state

• Easily reversible

Name some Chemical Properties

• New substance has formed

• Not easily reversible

• Colour Change

• Gas production

• Temperature Change

• Smell change

• Precipitate forms

• Light or heat is absorbed or produced

How do Chemical Reactions Occur?

Chemical change occurs when atoms break their bonds with each other and form new bonds with other atoms

What happens during a Chemical Reaction?

It is the rearranging of atoms to form new substances. During a chemical reaction, substances are neither created nor destroyed, they are simply rearranged

What is a reactant?

It is a substance used at the beginning of a chemical reaction, written on the left side of a chemical equation. Basically the substance that “reacts” and the substance that is used up in a chemical reaction

What is a Product?

It is a substance obtained at the end of a chemical reaction, it is wiremen on the right side of a chemical equation. It is basically the substance that is “produced” or “formed” and is the substance obtained at the end of chemical reaction

What is a Chemical Equation

It is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas. Basically the representation of chemical reactions using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of reactant and products. Chemical equations can be written as word equations and also chemical formulas

What are the requirements for a reaction

1. The atoms or molecules must collide with one another

2. Enough energy is needed to move the reactants to products

3. The particles must collide in the correct orientation

What are the 3 steps for a Chemical Reaction to Occur

1. The particles collide with enough energy and correct orientation to break initial bonds of the reactants

2. The particles momentarily break apart as individual atoms (this is known as the transition state)

3. The particles form new bonds with different arrangement to form the product