ch 9

Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other?

Anion and cation

Which of the following statements is true of the bonds in a water molecule?

Oxygen holds electrons more tightly than hydrogen does, and the net charge is zero.

A hydrogen atom (proton, or H⁺) is often transferred to the atom that ___ an electron.

gains

Which of the following statements best explains why carbohydrates and fats may be considered high-energy foods?

They contain many electrons associated with hydrogen atoms.

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

FADH₂

FADH2 is a product of the

citric acid cycle

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?

ATP

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

2

In glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is

glucose

Once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called

pyruvate

____ is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysi

NAD+

The reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis is ___

NADH

Among the products of glycolysis, which compounds contain energy that can be used by other biological reactions?

pyruvate, ATP, and NADH

Acetyl CoA is a reactant in the

citric acid cycle

In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

For each mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle

4

Which molecule is metabolized in a cell to produce energy "currency" in the form of ATP?

glucose

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

the harnessing of energy from redox reactions to generate a proton gradient

Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration?

It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.

In chemiosmosis, the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP + P_i to ATP is energy released ________.

from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation is an example of which of the following processes?

coupling of an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction

In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.

pyruvate ... NADH