ERIKSON

ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

proposed that human development occurs in 8 psychosocial stages, each involving a conflict that must be resolved for healthy personality development.

ERIK ERIKSON

psychoanalyst who expanded Freud’s ideas

ERIK ERIKSON FOCUSED MORE ON

social interaction and culture than sexual drives.

PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS

developmental conflict at each stage.

VIRTUE

strength gained after successfully resolving a stage.

TRUST, AUTONOMY, INITIATIVE, INDUSTRY, IDENTITY

core developmental tasks.

PEDIATRIC STAGES

1. Infancy

2. Toddler

3. Preschool

4. School-age

5. Adolescence

INFANCY

• 0 to 1

• Trust Vs. Mistrust

• Develops faith in caregivers

TODDLER

• 1 to 3 yr

• Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

• Independence, toilet training

PRESCHOOL

• 3 to 7 yrs

• Initiative vs. Guilt

• Exploration, social interaction

SCHOOL-AGE

• 6 to 12 yr

• Industry vs. Inferiority

• Competence, school performance

ADOLESCENCE

• 12 to 18 yr

• Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Self-identity, peer influence

Nurses help parents

promote trust by encouraging responsive caregiving.

Encourage independence

in toddlers (feeding self, choosing clothes).

In hospitals, allow

school-aged children to participate in their care to build industry.

Support adolescents’

need for privacy and self-expression.