Infection Exemplars

Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI)

infections a patient acquires while receiving healthcare

Exogenous Infection

comes from an outside source

Endogenous Infection

comes from within the patient

What is the best prevention of infection?

hand hygiene

What are some assessment findings indicative of infection?

fever, chills, pain, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension

What is the most common HAI?

cauti (40%)

What is the most common bacteria which causes CAUTI?

e. coli

What are some indications for urinary catheter use?

urinary retention or obstruction, need for accurate measurement, surgical procedures, healing from perineal wounds, prolonged immobilization, improved comfort at EOL

What are some s+s of CAUTI?

pain or burning, lower back pain, fever, chills, N/V, foul smell, exudate, hematuria

What tests are most significant for CAUTI?

WBC count, temperature, urinalysis, urine culture

What would a urinalysis show for a CAUTI?

positive leukocytes and nitrates, bacteria, sediment

What is the leading cause of C Diff?

antibiotics, especially clindamycin

What are some s+s of C Diff?

watery diarrhea with mucous or blood, low grade temperature, abd pain, cramping

What are some s+s of more severe C Diff?

hypovolemia, toxic megacolon, perforated bowel, shock

What is important in preventing a CAUTI?

maintaining unobstructed urine flow

What lab changes would you likely see for CDI?

elevated creatinine and electrolytes due to dehydration

What is important to remember about CDI?

you must wash your hands with soap and water, sanitizer is not adequate

What abx is used for CDI?

oral vancomycin

What are some treatment options for CDI?

abx, fecal transplant, fluid and electrolyte replacement, skin care

What is the most important prevention tool for VAP?

consistent oral care with chlorahexidine

Which is more extensive, CPAP or BiPAP?

bipap

What are some different types of central lines?

non-tunneled, tunneled, PICC, vascular access devices

What are some s+s of CLABSI?

fever, chills, sepsis, pain, erythema, edema