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What are the commons?
Seas, atmosphere, polar regions, outer space
What is the tragedy of the commons?
In a system of global politics dominated by selfish national interest and competition, states will be motivated to use and harm the global commons to advance their own interests
What is Greenpeace?
International NGO which combines direct action with UN consultation
Examples of individuals combating climate change
David Attenborough, Great Thunberg, Autumn Peltier, Vanessa Nakate
Advantages of GCS and NGOs
attract funding to carry out projects govt wont
celebrity activists raise awareness more than politicians
tragedy of commons needs campaign groups independent of state interests
Disadvantages of GCS and NGOs
Lack ability to take large scale decisions like net zero
direct action has been criticised (JSO)
Successful campaigns require a range of support nd often politicians
Other actors that can combat climate change
MNCs
National laws and taxes (Clean Air Act 1956)
IGOs
City administration
International science community
Deep green ecology argument
all living things are of equal moral value
rejects anthropocentrism- humans and nature should live holistically with one another
rejects individualism
nature is not something to be exploited for human gain
Shallow green ecology argument
approach environmental issues from perspective of what will benefit humankind
sustainable development should be a priority, solar power
harm to the environment should be reduced but human needs should be prioritised
How many jobs have been created in solar/wind power in India since 2014?
Nearly 100 000
