Cell Structure and Function Vocab 2.1, 2.5, 2.6

Cell Theory

All living things are made up of one or more cells (Schleiden/Schwann)

Cell is basic structure and function in living organism (Hooke)

All cells come from reproduction of previous cells (Virchow)

Cell

Smallest unit of life

Robert Hooke

Credited with first discovering and naming clells

English physicist who was first person to observe cells using one of the first light microscopes; gave cells their name

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch businessman who was the frist to bserve living cells in a drop of pond waterwith a simple microscope

Matthias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann

Made basis of modern cell theory- all living things are made of cells

Matthias Scheliden (botanist/plant guy)

German botanist who was the first to introduce the idea that all plants are made from cells

Theodor Schwann (scientist)

German zoologist who introduce the idea that animals are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

Every cell comes from a preexisting cell
German physician who was the first to introduce idea that all cells are created from preexisting cells

Cellular Differentiation

Process that creates different types of specialized cells

Tissue

Group of cells tat work together to perform a function

Organ

Different types of tissues that work together to perform a function

Organ system

Different organs that work together to carry a function

Organism

A complete living thing, whether unicellular or multicellular

Stem cells

Special cells that can differentiate into more specific types of cells

Host Cell

living cell with a virus

Lysogenic Cycle

process some viruses use to reproduce where the viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA to be replicated by the cell

Lytic Cycle

process that some viruses use to reproduce where the host DNA is immediately destroyed to make new viruses

Viral Envelope

layer of lipids similar to a cellular membrane that surrounds the capsid of some viruses

Viruses

tiny particle that contains RNA/DNA and can infect or kill living cells; generally not considered to be a living organism

Capsid

Protein shell of a virus that surrounds its genetic material (RNA/DNA)