Adv. Clinical Chemistry Unit 6 - Blood Gases
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28 Terms
Substance that yields an H ion when dissolved in water.
acid
Substance that yields an OH ion when dissolved in water.
base
What is the normal ratio of HCO3 to H2CO3?
20:1
How is pCO2 measured?
potentiometrically
How is pH measured?
pH electrode
How is pO2 measured?
amperometrically
O2 saturation is calculated from __________ and __________ measurements.
O2/pH
A pH that is lower than 7.35 is considered __________.
acidosis
A pH that is higher than 7.45 is considered _________.
alkalosis
A respiratory acid/base disorder comes from a change in __________.
pCO2
A metabolic acid/base disorder comes from a change in __________.
HCO3
Concentration of CO2 is affected by the _________.
lungs
Concentration of HCO3 is affected by the _________.
kidneys
A low pH and a low HCO3 indicates...
metabolic acidosis
A high pH and a high HCO3 indicates...
metabolic alkalosis
A low pH and a high pCO2 indicates...
respiratory acidosis
A high pH and a low pCO2 indicates...
respiratory alkalosis
What diseases/conditions can lead to respiratory acidosis?
lung disease/pulmonary edema/pneumonia/respiratory distress syndrome
What diseases/conditions can lead to respiratory alkalosis?
hyperventilation
What diseases/conditions can lead to metabolic acidosis?
renal failure/hemoglobinpathies/diabetic ketoacidosis
What diseases/conditions can lead to metabolic alkalosis?
vomiting/prolonged diuretics/loss of chlorides
What specimens are used for blood gases?
arterial blood (using glass or plastic syringe)
What effect does air contamination have on a blood gas sample?
increased pO2/decreased pCO2/increased pH
How would your blood gas example be effected if kept at room temperature for a prolonged amount of time?
decreased pO2/increased pCO2/decreased pH
What is the primary compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
hyperventilation
What is the primary compensation mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?
hypoventilation
What is the primary compensation mechanism for respiratory acidosis?
kidney retention of HCO3
What is the primary compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
kidney excretion of HCO3