CH 27+28 QSOs, Black Holes, Galaxy Evolution

milky way galaxy - bulge has most of the ___ and ____

most of the mass and light

milky way galaxy - speed of other planets are (slower/faster) the (further/closer) we move from the sun

speed of other planets are faster the further we move from the sun

milky way galaxy - proven in a graphical observation of rotational curves, the speed of other planets would fall off as we move to a (smaller/bigger) radius

bigger

compared with our sun, how would you decribe stars in the galactic halo***

old, red, dim, metal-poor

where does most of the star formation occur in the milky way galaxy***

in the spiral arms of the galactic disk

what happened between the big bang and now***

at the time of the big bang there were no galaxies

what is cosmology

understanding the larger scale structure of the universe

when were the first quasars discovered

1963

what do quasars look like

stars but had strong radio emissions

what is a quasar***

breh

how were quasars discovered ??????

pointed at quasi stellar objects (QSO) as the moon shifted in front of it > located the dimension of it and found the object that looked like a star

quasars - visible light spectra was discovered to have waht compared to stars

visible light spectra have much larger redshifts than stars by approx 15%

what does the hubble space telescope show about quasars

quasars lie at the center of galaxies

both spirals and ellipticals can harbor quasars

the redshifts of underlying galaxies match the redshifts of what? what does this prove?

redshifts of underlying galaxies match the redshifts of the quasars in their centers

proves that quasars obey the hubble law and are at the great distances implied by their redshifts

quasars must have _______ of what in order to be seen from farther distances

must have 10-100x the luminosity of the brighter normal galaxies

quasars - variations show that the tremendous energy outpit is generated where

in a small volume, sometimes in a region not much larger than our own solar system

what are quasars - both active galactic nuclei and quasars derive their energy from...

energy from material falling toward and forming a hot accretion disk a massive big hole

the model can account for the large amount of energy emitted and for the fact that the energy produced in a relatively small volume of space

idk whata model they talking abt

jets coming from these objects are seen in _____ directions

seen in two directions that are perpendicular to the accretion disk

when quasars were first discovered, ____ were still a hypothesis

black holes

a galaxy with a black hole disk - the galaxy's center is a ..

dust disk

a galaxy with a black hole disk - dust disk rotates at what speed

155 km/s

a galaxy with a black hole disk - constant movement with strong gravity does what

it attracts matter, accelerates and compresses > heats up into extreme temperatures that radiate energy as it falls into a black hole

a galaxy with a black hole disk - a thin gas at high speed does what

heats up as it slows by friction, similar to a spaceship reentering the atmosphere

a galaxy with a black hole disk - what happens when the constant movement of dust disk with strong gravity

attracts matter, accelerates and compresses, heating up into extreme temperatures that radiate energy as it falls into the black hole

a galaxy with a black hole disk - a thin gas at high speed does what

heats up as it slows by friction, similar to a spaceship reentering the atmosphere

what blows radio jets

the quasar

as more time kept passing by, the number of radio jets (increase/decrease), a large increase only being until _________.

as more time kept passing by, the number of radio jets decrease, a large increase only being until 1-1.5 billion years of the age of the universe

how a galaxy can influence a black hole - what is spaghettification

the shape of a star morphs into as a black hole absorbs it

starting in ti spherical shape hten beign sucked into a long tail trail as it gets pulled in

how a galaxy can influence a black hole - star forms a temporary accretion disk that does what

lights up as a quasar for a few weeks/months

which of the following is false***

quasars are powered by the intense production of large number of stars that can only be sustained for a relatively short time

T/F the supermassive black hole at the galactic center makes up roughly 90% of the mass of the milky way galaxy***

false

supermassive black holes are equal to what percentage of the mass of the bulge

1%

observation of distant galaxies - when looking at distance galaxies, we are ___ in time

looking back

observation of distant galaxies - stars can have the same luminosity but what difference is there in the terms of light

light will travel at different times depending on distance

observation of distant galaxies - the size of light source affects...

the timescale of its variability

how old is the universe

13.8 billion yrs old

the _____ of a galaxy is an indicator of the age of the stars that populate it

color

explain the color of the galaxies

blue galaxies > hot, massive, young stars

yellow/red galaxies > old stars

when were first gen of stars formed

when the universe was only a few hundred million years old

when were galaxies observed

when the unverse was only a few billion years old

what are the characteristics of the galaxy when they were observed (when the universe was only a few billion years old)

tends to be smaller than today's galaxies

have more irregular shapes

have more rapid star formations than the galaxies we see in today's universe

this shows that the smaller galaxy fragments assembled themselves into the larger galaxies we see today

what do we call when galaxies of comparable size collide and coalesce

merger

what do we call when a smaller galaxy is swallowed by a much larger one

galantic cannibalism

many galaxies may have acquired unnusally high ______ by ______.

galaxies may have acquired unusually high luminosities by swallowing other galaxies

collisions are very important role to evolution of galaxies - what happens when collisions involve at least one galaxy

they become rich in interstellar matter

the resulting compression of the gas will result in a burst of star formation, leading to a starburst galaxy

mergers were much more (common/rare) when the universe was young

common

many of the most distant galaxies that we see are...

starburst galaxies that are involved in collisions

active galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes in the center of most galaxies can have major effects on...

the host galaxy, including shutting off star formation

what can suck in material and shoot out huge jets perpendicular to accretion disk

supermassive black holes and their accretion disk

many highly accelerated particles move with jets in such galaxies

what does the count of galaxies in various directions establish

that the universe on the large scale is homogenous and istropic (the same everywhere and the same in all directions, apart from evolutionary changes with time)

the sameness of the universe everywhere is referrred to

cosmological principle

the milky way galaxy is a memeber of the...

local group

rich clusters ( such as virgo and coma ) contain...

thousands or tens of thousands of galaxies

galaxy clusters often group together with other clusters to form what

large scale structures called superclusters

super clusters can extend over...

distances of several hundred million light years

what galaxy has a huge population of clusters around it

galaxy centaurus A

where are clusters and superclusters found? what are most of space consist of?

in filamentary structures that are huge but fill only a small fraction of space

large voids between superclusters with nearly all galaxies confined to less than 10% of the total volume

gravitational lenses can produce what

double images due to the light rays from a distant quasar being bent wheile passing a foreground galaxy, which arrive together at earth

T/F gravitational lensions sometimes produces more than one image of a single quasar***

true