Vitamins, Minerals, Herbals

What are the fat Soluble Vitamins & Where are they stored?

• A,D,E,K

• body tissues

What foods are fat soluble vitamins available from & what does the deficiency result from?

• dietary fats/ oils, milk products, egg yolks

• Deficiency results from limited fat intake or compromised fat absorption

What medications may impair absorption of fat soluble vitamins

• Orilstat

• Bile Acids Sequestrants

What are the water soluble vitamins & what food can you get it from?

• C, B12, Folate, Biotin, Cholin, Thiamine

• Fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy

How are water soluble vitamins eliminated?

excess excreted

What are minerals & the trace elements?

• calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron

• copper, fluoride, iodine, zinc

What does minerals do?

• regulate cell membrane permeability, osmotic pressure, and acid-base, and water balance

• functions as mediators of action potential conduction & neurotransmitter action

What are symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency?

• dry eye (xerophthalmia)

• follicular hyperkeratosis

• appetite loss

• impaired taste/ smell

• equilibrium disturbance

What disease states associated with Vitamin A deficiency?

• celiac

• crohn’s

• pancreatic disorders

• cancer

• TB

• Pneumonia

• Prostate disease

What medications is associated with Vitamin A deficiency?

Corticosteroids

What are signs of toxicity?

• liver abnormalities

• birth defects

What are symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency?

• calcium abnormalities

• rickets

• osteoporosis

What are disease states of Vitamin D deficiency?

• GI diseases

• chronic renal failure

• inadequate intake

• inadequate sunlight exposure

• dark skin pigmentation

• hereditary disorders

• obesity or gastric bypass

• older pts/ aging skin

what medication is associated with Vitamin D deficiency?

antiepileptics

What is the function of Vitamin E?

antioxidant

What is Vitamin E associated with?

• increased risk of CHF

• hemorrhagic strike

• fetal loss during preclampsia

who is most likely to have Vitamin E dificiency?

• premature infants of very low birth weight

• fat malabsorption disorders

What disease states does Vitamin E deficiency associated with?

• peripheral neuropathy

• intermittent claudication

• muscle weakness

• hemolytic anemia (FDA indicated use)

What does Vitamin K do?

• promotes synthesis of clotting factors II,VII, IX, X, protein C & S

• Normal gut flora supplies significant amount

What is Vitamin K associated with ?

• malabsorption

• bowel resection

• liver disease

• chronic broad spectrum antibiotic therapy

• Unusual bleeding

What type of Vitamin is given at birth?

Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)

What is the indication of B12?

• Pernicious anemia

• increased requirements

• bariatric surgery

• illeum resection

Who are likely to have B12 Deficiency?

• Resections/bypass

• >50 YRS

• Vegetarians/Vegans

What are signs of deficiency?

• neurologic

• anemia

What medications may impact B12?

• Metformin

• PPI

• H2 blockers

What disease states cause B1 deficiencies?

• Alcohol use disorder

• malabsorptive syndromes

• Prolonged diarrhea

• chronic furosemide

• Increased requirements

• food faddism

• cardiac dysfuntion

What are B1