IMMUNOLOGY LAB QUIZ JULY 27

B

What is the branch of biomedical science that studies the immune system, immune responses, immunity, and immune-related diseases?

• A. Serology

• B. Immunology

• C. Hematology

• D. Pathology

A

Which term refers to the branch of immunology concerned specifically with the detection and measurement of antibodies and antigens in serum or other body fluids?

• A. Serology

• B. Immunohematology

• C. Cytology

• D. Histology

C

In serologic interpretation, the presence of positive IgM antibodies typically indicates which of the following?

• A. Past infection

• B. Long-term immunity

• C. Present or active infection

• D. Vaccine failure

B

In serologic interpretation, the presence of positive IgG antibodies typically indicates which of the following?

• A. Present or acute infection

• B. Past infection or previous exposure

• C. Allergic reaction in progress

• D. False positive result

B

What technology revolutionized laboratory medicine by allowing the development of highly specific, reproducible immunoassays capable of binding to a single specific target?

• A. Polyclonal antibody technology

• B. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology

• C. Electrophoresis technology

• D. Western blotting technology

C

What type of blood collection tube is primarily required to obtain serum for most serologic tests?

• A. EDTA tube

• B. Sodium Heparin tube

• C. Serum Separator Tube (SST)

• D. Sodium Citrate tube

B

What group of plasma proteins assists antibodies in destroying microorganisms through cell lysis, opsonization, inflammation, and chemotaxis?

• A. Immunoglobulins

• B. Complement system

• C. Fibrinogen

• D. Cytokines

B

What is the name of the final structure formed by the complement system that lyse target cells?

• A. Antigen-Antibody Complex

• B. Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

• C. Major Histocompatibility Complex

• D. Opsonization Complex

B

What is the standard temperature and duration used for heat inactivation of complement in serum?

• A. 37°C for 60 minutes

• B. 56°C for 30 minutes

• C. 70°C for 15 minutes

• D. 100°C for 5 minutes

A

Why is IgG unaffected during heat inactivation of complement at 56°C?

• A. IgG is heat resistant

• B. IgG is located inside red blood cells

• C. IgG binds to complement instantly

• D. IgG is destroyed at lower temperatures

B

What procedure should be performed if red blood cells (RBCs) are still visible in a serum sample prior to serologic testing?

• A. Heat the sample to 56°C

• B. Re-centrifuge the sample

• C. Freeze the sample immediately

• D. Add normal saline

C

What action must be taken if red blood cells remain present in a serum specimen even after re-centrifugation?

• A. Test the sample anyway

• B. Dilute the sample 1:10

• C. Dispose of the sample

• D. Filter the sample through gauze

C

Which laboratory instrument allows rapid, repetitive, and accurate quantitative delivery of small predetermined volumes of reagents or specimens?

• A. Volumetric flask

• B. Graduated cylinder

• C. Micropipette

• D. Transfer Pasteur pipette

A

What term describes an expression of relative concentration representing a ratio of sample volume to total volume?

• A. Dilution

• B. Titer

• C. Specificity

• D. Sensitivity

B

What is used mathematically to correct for having analyzed a diluted sample rather than an undiluted specimen in quantitative determinations?

• A. Complement factor

• B. Dilution factor

• C. Specificity ratio

• D. Standard deviation

B

Uninactivated complement in serum can cause which of the following interference issues in latex agglutination tests?

• A. False negative results

• B. False positive results

• C. No reaction at all

• D. Hemolysis of white blood cells

A

Uninactivated complement in hemagglutination assays primarily causes which diagnostic error by lysing indicator red blood cells?

• A. False negative reactions

• B. False positive reactions

• C. High background signal

• D. Hyper-coagulation

B

What early viral marker is detected in serologic testing for early Dengue infection before antibodies appear?

• A. Dengue IgG

• B. Dengue NS1 antigen

• C. Dengue IgM

• D. Dengue Core Protein

A

Which hormone is measured in serologic or rapid immunoassays to confirm pregnancy?

• A. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

• B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

• C. Estrogen

• D. Progesterone

B

Which immune process involves coating a pathogen with proteins (such as complement) to enhance phagocytosis by immune cells?

• A. Cell lysis

• B. Opsonization

• C. Chemotaxis

• D. Neutralization

B

Which term describes the movement of phagocytes toward the site of infection in response to chemical signals produced by the complement system?

• A. Opsonization

• B. Chemotaxis

• C. Agglutination

• D. Precipitation

B

Which condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues and can be diagnosed via serologic testing?

• A. Immunodeficiency disorder

• B. Autoimmune disease

• C. Hypersensitivity Type IV

• D. Opportunistic infection

B

Which non-serum body fluid collected via lumbar puncture can be used as a specimen in serologic testing?

• A. Pleural fluid

• B. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

• C. Synovial fluid

• D. Peritoneal fluid

C

Which type of body fluid specimen is collected from joint cavities for diagnostic evaluation?

• A. Pleural fluid

• B. Peritoneal fluid

• C. Synovial fluid

• D. Ascitic fluid

B

What advantage does Monoclonal Antibody (MAb) technology provide over older traditional methods in immunoassays?

• A. Cross-reacts with multiple unrelated antigens

• B. Prevents false positive and false negative results

• C. Requires manual non-automated execution

• D. Decreases assay sensitivity

B

If testing of a serum specimen is delayed but will be performed within a short timeframe, how should the specimen be stored?

• A. At room temperature

• B. In the refrigerator

• C. At 56°C in a water bath

• D. In an incubator at 37°C

B

What is the primary purpose of determining blood group antibodies in a serology laboratory?

• A. Detecting autoimmune diseases

• B. Ensuring safe blood transfusion and transplant compatibility

• C. Measuring total protein concentration

• D. Inactivating complement

C

If 0.5 mL of blood is diluted to a total volume of 10 mL, what total solution volume ($x$) would be needed for 1.0 mL of blood to maintain the exact same dilution ratio?

• A. 10 mL

• B. 15 mL

• C. 20 mL

• D. 25 mL

B

What type of disease occurs when the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent?

• A. Autoimmune disease

• B. Immunodeficiency disorder

• C. Allergy

• D. Hypergammaglobulinemia

B

What term describes an overreaction of the immune system to typically harmless environmental substances?

• A. Autoimmunity

• B. Allergy

• C. Immunodeficiency

• D. Complement fixation