4. Digestive System

1. The secretory portion of the submandibular gland is:

serous, mucous and mixed acini.

A. Yes
B. No

A. Yes

2. Parotid gland (glandula parotis) is serous gland.

A. Yes
B. No

A. Yes

3. The lamina muscularis mucosae of the oesophagus is built of striated skeletal muscle.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

4. The entire esophagus is located intraperitonially.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

5. The covering epithelium of the stomach is unilayered cylindrical resorptive epithelium.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

6. Circular folds (plicae circulares) are typical for the large intestine.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

7. The lining of the villi intestinales of the small intestine is simple columnar epithelium.

A. Yes
B. No

A. Yes

8. The exocrinic part of the pancreas is made of mucous acini.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

9. The exocrinic part of the pancreas is occupied by serous acini.

A. Yes
B. No

A. Yes

10. The lingual papillae are located on its back, dorsum linguae and on its root, radix linguae.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

11. The Paneth cells are located in the glands of Lieberkuhn of the small intestine.

A. Yes
B. No

A. Yes

12. The bile surface of the hepatocyte faces the space of Disse.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

13. The Kupffer cells are macrophages.

A. Yes
B. No

A. Yes

14. The sinusoids of the liver are fenestrated capillaries.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

15. The vascular pole of the hepatocytes is towards the sinusoid.

A. Yes
B. No

A. Yes

16. The biliary pole of the hepatocytes is towards the sinusoid.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

17. The duodenal glands are in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

18. B cells of the Langerhans islets produce glucagon.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

19. A cell of the pancreas secrete insulin.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

20. The parietal cells are typical for the large intestine.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

21. The muscles of the palatum mole are striated skeletal muscles, involuntary.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

22. Arcos palatoglossus and arcus palatopharyngeus surround recessus piriformis.

A. Yes
B. No

B. No

23. Odontoblasts are located:

A. in the peripheral layer of the pulp
B. in the canalicules of the dentin
C. in between the dentin and enamelum
D. in the periodontium

A. in the peripheral layer of the pulp

24. Which muscle is forming oral diaphragm (diaphragma oris):

A. m. stylohyoideus
B. m. geniohyoideus
C. m. genioglossus
D. m. styloglossus

B. m. geniohyoideus

25. The space of Disse is located in:

A. periportal zone
B. between hepatocytes in the hepatic plates
C. between hepatocytes and sinusoids
D. between two adjacent sinusoids

C. between hepatocytes and sinusoids

26. The sinusoids in the liver are:

A. venules
B. fenestrated capillaries
C. wide capillaries with incomplete lining
D. arteriolae

C. wide capillaries with incomplete lining

27. The main cells of the stomach secrete:
    A. mucus
    B. chlorides
    C. pepsinogen
    D. pepsin

C. pepsinogen

28. The intracellular canaliculi are characteristic of:

A. the chief cells
B. the goblet cells
C. the Paneth cells
D. the parietal cells

D. the parietal cells

29. The epithelium of tonsilla palatine is:

A. multistratified non-keratinizing epithelium
B . multistratified keratinizing epithelium
C. Henle's epithelium
D. pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

A. multistratified non-keratinizing epithelium

30. The epithelium of the oesophagus is:

A. stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
B. stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
C. transitional epithelium of Henle
D. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A. stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

31. Tunica muscularis of the oesophagus consists of:

A. smooth muscle
B. striated skeletal muscle
C. in the upper third is striated skeletal muscle
D. in the upper part is smooth muscle

C. in the upper third is striated skeletal muscle

32. Lamina muscularis mucosae of the esophagus is:

A. Smooth muscle tissue
B. Striated skeletal muscle tissue
C. Half smooth muscle tissue and half striated skeletal
muscle tissue

A. Smooth muscle tissue

33. There are microvilli on the surface of:

A. parietal cells of the fundus glands
B. chief cell of the fundus glands
C. the Paneth cells
D. absorptive cells

D. absorptive cells

34. Which of these is not a feature of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract?

A. lamina propria
B. goblet cells
C. myenteric plexus
D. plicae circulares

C. myenteric plexus

35. Adults have _ true molars.

A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16

C. 12

36. Teeth are composed of:

A. Enamel, gingiva, dentin
B. Enamel, dentin, cementum
C. Enamel, gingiva, dentin, cementum
D. Enamel, dentin , cementum, pulpa

D. Enamel, dentin , cementum, pulpa

37. Which of these is not one of the three pairs of extrinsic salivary glands?

A. parotid
B. palatine
C. submandibular
D. sublingual

B. palatine

38. Stomach cells which secrete hydrochloric acid are:

A. parietal
B. goblet
C. principal
D. argentaffin

A. parietal

39. Which of these is a structural modification unique to the small intestine?

A. plicae circulares
B. villi
C. microvilli
D. All of these are unique to the small intestine.
E. None of these are unique to the small intestine.

D. All of these are unique to the small intestine.

40. The longitudinal muscle layer of the large intestine forms three distinct muscle bands called:

A. sigmoid colon
B. taeniae coli
C. haustra
D. epiploic appendages

B. taeniae coli

41. Within the liver, bile is produced by:

A. Kupffer cells
B. Endothelial cells of the sinusoids
C. hepatocytes

C. hepatocytes

42. The condition in which the liver becomes infused with fibrous tissue and is unable to repair itself is known as:

A. hepatitis
B. cirrhosis
C. jaundice
D. hepatoma

B. cirrhosis

43. Enteroendocrine cells differ from goblet cells in which of the following ways?

A. The direction of release of secretion
B. The use of exocytosis for release of secretory product from the cell
C. Their presence in the small and large intestine
D. Their origin from a crypt stem cell
E. Secretion by a regulated pathway

A. The direction of release of secretion

44. There are no taste buds in:

A. papilla fungiformis
B. papilla circumvallata
C. papilla filiformis
D. papilla foliata

C. papilla filiformis

45. The type of epithelium associated with the vermilion zone of the lips is:

A. stratified squamous non-keratinized.
B. pseudostratified ciliated columnar.
C. stratified squamous keratinized.
D. cuboidal.
E. columnar.

C. stratified squamous keratinized.

46. Intercellular canals are typical for:

A. goblet cells
B. parietal cells
C. Paneth cells
D. main cells

B. parietal cells

47. Secretin and cholecystokinin are produced and secreted by cells in the lining of the alimentary tract. Which of the following statements about these two substances is true?

A. They are produced by the main cells of the stomach.
B. They are digestive enzymes produced by the duodenum.
C. They are produced by Paneth cells.
D. They are hormones that have target cells in the pancreas and biliary tract. They are produced by diffuse neuroendocrine cells (DNES cells).
E. They are produced by Brunner glands and released into the lumina of the crypts of Lieberkilhn.

D. They are hormones that have target cells in the pancreas and biliary tract. They are produced by diffuse neuroendocrine cells (DNES cells).

48. Odontoblasts produce?

A. Cementum
B. Enamel
C. Dentin

C. Dentin

48. Which of the following statements concerning the principal fibre bundles of the periodontal ligament is true?

A. They are composed of elastin.
B. They extend from the cementum to the enamel.
C. They extend from the dentin to the cementum.
D. They are composed of collagen.
E. They extend from one tooth to the next.

D. They are composed of collagen.

50. Passage of a bolus through the esophagus into the stomach is facilitated by which of the following?

A. Peristaltic activity of the esophageal muscularis externa
B. Peristaltic activity of the gastric muscularis mucosae
C. Reflux through the pharyngoesophageal sphincter
D. Smooth muscle in the esophageal muscularis mucosae
E. Reflux through the gastroesophageal sphincter

A. Peristaltic activity of the esophageal muscularis externa

51. The small intestine has three histologically distinct regions. Which of the following statements concerning the histological differences in the three regions is true?

A. Peyer patches are present only in the ileum.
B. Goblet cells are present only in the epithelium of the duodenum.
C. Brunner glands are located in the duodenum and jejunum but not the ileum.
D. Lacteals are present only in the lamina propria of the ileum.
E. The muscularis mucosae contains three layers of smooth muscle in the ileum and two layers in the duodenum and jejunum.

A. Peyer patches are present only in the ileum.

52. Which of the following materials can be absorbed directly by the surface lining cells of the stomach?

A. Vitamin B12
B. Polysaccharides
C. Chylomicrons
D. Triglycerides
E. Alcohol

E. Alcohol

53. Which of the following statements concerning liver sinusoids is true?

A. They are continuous with bile canaliculi.
B. They are surrounded by a well-developed basal lamina.
C. They are lined by nonfenestrated endothelial cells.
D. They deliver blood to the central vein.
E. They deliver blood to the portal vein.

D. They deliver blood to the central vein.

54. Which of the following statements concerning the gallbladder is true?

A. It synthesizes bile.
B. It is lined by a simple columnar epithelium.
C. Bile leaves the gallbladder via the common bile duct.
D. It has no muscle cells in the walls.
E. It is affected by the hormone secretin.

B. It is lined by a simple columnar epithelium.

55. Acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas secrete

A. glucagon.
B. lysozyme.
C. insulin.
D. plasma proteins.
E. proteases.

E. proteases.

56. Pancreatic a-cells secrete

A. glucagon.
B. lysozyme.
C. insulin.
D. plasma proteins.
E. proteases.

A. glucagon.

57. Pancreatic B-cells secrete

A. glucagon.
B. lysozyme.
C. insulin.
D. plasma proteins.
E. proteases.

C. insulin.

58. Cells in the pancreas that secrete glucagon and insulin are which of the following?

A. A and B cells
B. acinar cells
C. D cells
D. pancreatic D1 cells
E. pancreatic polypeptide cells

A. A and B cells

59. Serous cells are glandular acinar cells that produce a watery proteinaceous fluid. This cell type is most predominant in which of the following glands?

A. esophageal glands
B. intestinal glands (of Lieberkun)
C. the parotid gland
D. the sublingual gland
E. the submandibular gland

C. the parotid gland

60. Submandibular acinar cells secrete:

A. glucagon.
B. lysozyme.
C. insulin.
D. plasma proteins.
E. proteases.

B. lysozyme.

61. Hepatocytes secrete:

A. glucagon.
B. lysozyme.
C. insulin.
D. plasma proteins.
E. proteases.

D. plasma proteins.

62. Which of the following structures contains both smooth and skeletal muscles?

A. stomach
B. jejunum
C. cecum
D. esophagus
E. rectum

D. esophagus

63. The bile and pancreatic ducts enter which of the following structures?

A. stomach
B. 2nd portion of the duodenum
C. cecum
D. ileum
E. liver

B. 2nd portion of the duodenum

64. Circular folds(plicae circulares) are characteristic of which of the following structures?

A. transverse colon
B. stomach
C. jejunum
D. cecum
E. sigmoid colon

C. jejunum

65. Omental appendices are located on which of the following structures?

A. stomach
B. duodenum
C. ileum
D. ascending colon
E. liver

D. ascending colon

66. There are no teniae coli in which of the following structures?

A. ascending colon
B. transverse colon
C. descending colon
D. sigmoid colon
E. appendix

E. appendix

67. The main pancreatic duct and the bile duct unite to form which of the following structures?

A. common bile duct
B. hepatic duct
C. accessory pancreaticduct
D. cystic duct
E. hepatopancreatic ampulla

E. hepatopancreatic ampulla

68. The round ligament of the liver is the fibrous remnant of which of the following structures?

A. umbilical vein

B. ductus venosus

C. ductus arteriosus

D. umbilical artery

E. urachus

A. umbilical vein

69. The porta hepatis gives passage to all of the following
    structures EXCEPT:

A. portal vein
B. hepatic artery
C. hepatic ducts
D. lymphatic vessels
E. cystic artery

E. cystic artery

70. The anatomical left and right lobes of the liver are separated on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver by which of the following structures?

A. fissure for the round ligament of the liver
B. fissure for the ligamentum venosum
C. falciform ligament
D. porta hepatis
E. lesser omentum

C. falciform ligament

71. FIll in: The papillae of the tongue are:

A.
B.
C.
D.

A. circumvallate papilla
B. fungiform papilla
C. filiform papilla (no taste buds)
D. foliate papilla

72. Fill in: Which of the following muscles of the tongue are striated
    skeletal muscle:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

A. m.styloglossus
B. m.longitudinalis sup.
C. m.hypoglossus
D. m.genioglossus
E. m.verticalis linguae

73. Fill in: The blood supply of the pharynx is performed from:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

A. a.thyroidea inf
B. a.thyroidea sup.
C. a.palatina descendens
D. a.palatina ascendens
E. a.laryngea sup.

74. Fill in: The nerves of the tongue are:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

A. n.vagus
B. n.lingualis
C. chorda tympani
D. n.glossopharyngeus
E. n.hypoglossus

75. Fill in: The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections:

A.
B.
C.

A. Nasopharynx (epipharynx)
B. oropharynx (mesopharynx)
C. Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

76. Fill in: The muscles affecting the tension and relaxation in the vocal folds are:

A.
B.

A. cricothyroid
B. thyroarytenoid muscles

77. Fill in: The esophageal constrictions (three narrowings of the esophagus) normally demonstrated radiographically after a barium swallow are:

A.
B.
C.

A. pharyngoesphageal constriction
B. thoracic constriction
C. diaphragmatic constriction of esophagus

78. Fill in: The principal glands are found in the body and fundus. The walls of the gland contain at least five distinct cell types:

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

A. chief
B. parietal
C. mucous neck
D. stem
E. neuroendocrine

79. Fill in: The three parts of the large intestine are:

A.
B.
C.

A. cecum
B. colon
C. rectum

80. Fill in: The parts of the rectum are:

A.
B.
C.

A. ampulla
B. anal canal

81. Fill in: The parts of the duodenum are:

A.
B.
C.
D.

A. superior
B. descending
C. horizontal
D. ascending

82. Fill in: The shape of the portal lobe of the liver is __

polygonal (trinagular)

83. Fill in: The cells of the sinusoids of the liver are:

A.
B.

A. endothelial
B. Kupffer

84. Fill in: Interlobular portal triad consist of:

A.
B.
C.

A. interlobular artery
B. interlobular vein
C. interlobular bile duct

85. Fill in: The two-dimensional microarchitecture of the liver can be viewed from multiple different perspectives (The lobules of the liver are):

A.
B.
C.

A. classical lobule
B. portal lobule
C. acinus

86. T or F: For the parotid gland(glandula parotidea)the following is characteristic:

A. it is the smallest gland between the salivary glands
B. is situated under the floor of the oral cavity
C. it is pure serous gland
D. ductus sublingualis major opens in canalicula sublingualis
E. it is mixed serous-mucous gland

A. F
B. F
C. T
D. F
E. F

87. T or F: The pharynx:

A. there are 3 parts in its cavity
B. epithelium of the mucous membrane in the nasopharynx is stratified squamous nonkeratinizing
C. m.constrictor pharyngis superior has 4 parts
D. ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae is in nasopharynx
E. the muscles of the pharynx are constrictors and levatores

A.T
B. F
C. T
D. T
E. T

88. T or F: The tongue:

A. has striated skeletal muscles and proper muscles
B. the root is innervated by n.lingualis
C. chorda tympani innervates gustatory the anterior 2/3 of the mucous membrane of the tongue
D. there are no taste buds in the papillae filiformes
E. the epithelium is stratified squamous nonkeratinized

A.T
B. F
C. T
D. T
E. T

89. T or F: The liver:

A. there are Kupffer cells - components of the phagocyte system
B. the bile pole of the hepatocyte faces on the space of Disse
C. the afferent blood supply of the liver is functional and nutritive
D. the shape of the portal lobule is rhomboid
E. has two surfaces: diaphragmatic and visceral

A.T
B. F
C. T
D. F
E. T

90. T or F: Typical for the small intestine is:

A. it secretes pepsinogen
B. it secretes mucus
C. it secretes gastrin
D. resorptive function
E. unistratified cylindrical resorptive epithelium

A. F
B. T
C. T
D. T
E. T

91. T or F: Typical for the small intestine is:

A. 3 parts caecum, colon et rectum
B. plicae semilunares
C. 3 tenia coli
D. villi intestinales
E. duodenum , jejunum, ileum

A. F
B. F
C. F
D. T
E. T

92. T or F: The small intestine:

A. consists of 3 parts: duodenum , jejunum, and ileum.
B. the free surface columnar cells (absorptive cells) show cilia
C. the longitudinal muscular layer in its wall is collected in three bands, tenia coli
D. the epithelium of the mucous membrane is simple columnar absorptive epithelium
E. Brunner's glands are in the tela submucosa of the jejunum

A. T
B. F
C. F
D. T
E. F

93. T or F: The large intestine:

A. consists of 3 parts: duodenum , jejunum, and ileum.
B. the mucous membrane forms the folds, circular folds (plicae circulares).
C. the longitudinal muscular layer in its wall is collected in 3 bands, teniae coli.
D. the epithelium of the mucous membrane is simple columnar secreting
E. it has villi

A. F
B. F
C. T
D. T
E. F

94. T or F: The lips:

A. are built of muscles and covered on the inner surface with mucous membrane, and on the outersurface with the skin
B. the epithelium of the mucous membrane is stratified squamous nonkeratinized
C. receive the blood supply from a.facialis
D. the intermediate zone is lined with skin with very thin epidermis
E. the mucous membrane is rich in glands

A. T
B. T
C. T
D. T
E. T

95. T or F: The stomach:

A. the cardiac glands are in tela submucosa
B. consists of pars cardiaca, fundus, parspilorica.
C. the gastric glands produce pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, mucus
D. its epithelium is simple columnar secreting
E. the muscular coat of the stomach is built of the smooth muscle in two layers

A. F
B. T
C. T
D. T
E. F

96. T or F: The pancreas:

A. is a mixed gland with exocrine and endocrine function
B. is located intraperitoneal (it is covered with peritoneum)
C. its exocrine part is compound tubuloacinar gland
D. A-cells secrete somatostatin
E. ductus pancreaticus opens in pars descendens duodeni.

A. T
B. F
C. T
D. F
E. T

97. T or F: The pharynx:

A. the auditory tube opens in its nasal part
B. ismusculo-membranoustube with the skeleton of hialine cartilage
C. itswall is built ofsmooth muscles
D . mm. constrictores are 4
E. recessus piriformis is behind the ostium pharyngeum tubae auditiva

A. T
B. F
C. F
D. F
E. F

98. Match: Tunica externa of the organ is:

A) tunica adventitia
B) tunica serosa

1. gaster
2. pars superior duodeni
3. canalis analis
4. pars cervicalis eosphagei
5. appendix vermiformis

A) tunica adventitia: 3. canalis analis, 4. pars cervicalis esophagei

B) tunica serosa: 1. gaster, 2. pars superior duodeni, 5. appendix vermiformis

99. Match: The epithelium of the organ is:

A. multistratified non-keratinizing epithelium
B. Unistratified cylindrical secretory epithelium
C. Henle's epithelium
D. Unistratified cylindrical resorbtive epithelium

1. oesophagus
2. small intestine
3. stomach
4. ureter

A. multistratified non-keratinizing epithelium: 1. oesophagus

B. Unistratified cylindrical secretory epithelium: 3. stomach

C. Henle's epithelium: 4. ureter

D. Unistratified cylindrical resorbtive epithelium: 2. small intestine

100. Match:

A) serous acini
B) mucous acini

1. gl. parotidea
2. gll. esophagae propriae
3. gl. sublingualis
4. pancreas
5. gll. duodenales propriae

A) serous acini: 1. gl. parotidea. 4. pancreas

B) mucous acini: 2. gll. esophagae propriae, 3. gl. sublingualis, 5. gll. duodenales propriae