Anatomy II: Chapter 25 pt 1

Which kidney is lower than the other?

the right one

_______ provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine

urinary bladder

Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

ureter

Which structure carries urine from the bladder out of the body?

urethra

_____ are major excretory organs

kidneys

What is the removal of organic waste products and toxins from body fluids?

excretion

What are the three functions of the kidney?

excretion, regulation, and elimination

_______ is known as discharge of waste into environment

elimination

Kidneys function to _______ of the volume and solute concentration of blood

regulate

kidneys filter 200 liters (about ___ gallons of blood a day)

50

Kidneys filter out your entire blood plasma ___ times a day

60

What is the function unit of the kidney?

nephron

Can you name the 6 parts of the urinary system?

Kidneys (2), ureters (2), bladder(1), urethra (1)

What are the two major parts of the Nephron?

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

What are the 3 functions of the nephron?

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

What process involves blood pressure forcing water and small solute molecules across a filtration membrane?

Filtration

Which process involves the return of needed substances to the blood by removing water and solute molecules from the filtrate after it enters the tubules?

Reabsorption

Which process involves the transport of solutes from the blood into the filtrate to be excreted with urine after initial filtration?

Secretion

Where is the glomerulus, a knot of blood capillaries, located?

Bowman’s capsule

What is the function of the Bowman’s capsule?

It surrounds the glomerulus in a cup-shaped sac-like chamber

Cells called ________ cover the fenestrated capillaries and have projections

Spaces b/ projections called _______.

podocytes; filtration slits

What does the filtrate primarily consist of?

Fluid from the capillaries, mainly plasma without most proteins

What is a major advantage of the process that forms filtrate in the kidneys?

It is a passive process

What is a disadvantage of the process that forms filtrate in the kidneys?

It pushes out important nutrients and water along with waste

Which of the following are the renal corpuscles “doing”?

Filtration

The tubule reabsorbs over 90% of water by ______.

osmosis

Tubule secretes any ______ missed in filtering

waste products

What is the job of renal tubules?

reabsorption and secretion

Proximal means…

close to the glomerulus

Distal means…

far away

What is the role of the collection tubule in the kidneys?

It receives urine from several nephrons

What do the cells of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) actively absorb?

Organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions

What happens in the descending part of the Loop of Henle?

water moves out of the filtrate

What occurs in the ascending part of the Loop of Henle?

The ascending loop is impermeable to water and solutes

In the ascending part of the Loop of Henle, what happens to Na+ and Cl-?

They are actively transported out of the tubular fluid

What is the main function of the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)?

It reabsorbs a variable amount of water, Na+, and Cl-, and secretes H+, waste, drugs, and toxins

______. are closely associated w/ unusual smooth muscle fibers called juxtaglomerular cells (j. cells.)

Macula densa

Macula densa + j. cells=

Juxtaglomerular Apparutus

What do the cells of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus secrete?

Renin and erythropoietin

______ is an enzyme that acts to raise BP by activating angiotensin

Renin

What causes increase in production of RBCs?

Erythropoietin

Tthe primary goal of urine production is to maintain…

homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of the blood

What are the 3 major waste that we produce?

urea (main product), creatinine, and uric acid.

What is most produced during breakdown of amino acids?

urea

What does the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) measure?

The amount of filtrate produced each minute

What happens if GFR drops?

renin is released by the juxtoglomerular apparatus

During reabsorption, nutrients are reabsorbed primarily in the ___.

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Where does secretion occur in the nephron?

In the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

Why do many drugs need to be taken 3-4 times a day?

They are cleared by secretion in the tubules