Web Technologies A level Computer Science OCR

What does HTML stand for?

Hyper Text Markup Language

What does HTML do?

Describes the content and structure of the webpage

Can HTML perform computation?

No

What language is necessary for a webpage if computation is required?

Javascript (a scripting language)

How many levels of headings are there in HTML?

6

What is the main

heading tag used for by search engines?

To summarise and index your page

What does the do?

contains the main content of the page

Why are spaces and indentation used in HTML?

To make your markup easier to follow amd read

How do you write comments in HTML

What is the process of processing HTML for display purposes called>

Rendering

What is semantic HTML?

Where tags have been used purposefully to reinforce the meaning of content on a page rather than just define the way it will appear

What does CSS stand for

Cascading Style Sheet

What does CSS do?

Styles the content of the web page

An example of client-side processing?

A web browser

How is a webpage loaded in your web browser?

Will format a web page according to the HTML tags and CSS styling that have been sent to it by the server(in response to a request for a webpage) - Scripts are interpreted by the web browser so no extra translation software is required on the client computer

Why are many operations carried out on the client side?

It offloads processing to the client which reduces the load on the server and reduces communications bandwitch

What are the advantages of a client-server network?

- Security is better as all the files are stored in a central location and access rights are managed by the server

- Backups are done centrally so there is no need for individual users to backup their own data, if there is a breakdown or data is lost , recovery procedures will enable it to be restored

-Data and other resources can be shared

What are the disadvantages of a client-server network?

- It is expensive to run and manage

- Professional IT staff are needed to maintain the servers and run the network

What is cloud computing?

Service-based industry providing access to software or files via the Internet using the client-server model. (Such as OneDrive and Google drive)

What is a peer-to-peer network?

There is no central server, instead individual computers are connected to each other either locally or over a wide area of networks so that they can share files.

What are the advantages of a peer-to-peer network?

- Cheap to set up

- Enables users to share resources such as a printer or router

- Not difficult to maintain

What are the disadvantages of a peer-to-peer network?

Has been used widely for online piracy as it is impossible to trace the files that are being downloaded illegally

What languages are often used for server-side processing?

SQL or PHP

What can Ids and class attributes not start with in CSS?

Numbers or spaces

What is the difference between ids and classes (CSS)?

Id is unique to a single element

Classes can be assigned to multiple elements on a page or throughout the web page

Howw do you link a CSS file in HTML?

Why is linking your CSS to an HTML beneficial in contrast to using inline CSS

- If linking to multiple pages that require the same single set of rules it provides consistency across multiple pages

- If you want to change something you only have to change it in a single place (more time efficient)

- Inline styles are a bad idea because you have to change the style for every element (time confusing and inefficient as mistakes could occur)

- Easier to read and intepret your HTML and CSS code

What does Js stand for?

JavaScript

What is JavaScript used for?

Used to add interactivity to your website, and to gather and process input from the client.

What type of processing is JavaScript mainly used for?

Client-side processing

How do you write a function in JavaScript? (do an alert function)

function nameoffunction() {

alert("Hello World!");

}

What is the event and what is the handler in this piece of HTML and JavaScript code?

Press me!

The event is 'onclick' and the handler is 'nameoffunction'

What does this piece of code execute?

Press me!

When the button with text 'Press me!' is clicked the function named 'nameoffunction' will execute, therefore giving the client and alert with the text Hello World.

What are the advantages of linking your Js document?

- You can link the same file to multiple pages if they all need access to the same functions

- The HTML doc is less clustered and easier to read

- Web page may load faster because the link can now be cached

What information does indexing algorithm use to index it? (Search engine indexing)

Visible info: content and links

Hidden data: Megadata

What is megadata?

Megadata can be provided by the page author in the header section of HTML () and can help a page to be indexed correctly

What is the PageRank Algorithm?

Works by counting the amount and quality of incoming links to a page to determine a rough estimate of its importance

What is a client-server network?

One or more computers known as clients are connected to a power central computer known as the server. Each client may hold its own files and resources such as software and can acess resources held by the server as well.

(In a large netwwork there may be multiple servers, each performing a different task).