Mongol Empire

Who founded the Mongol Empire?

Genghis Khan (original name: Temujin) in 1206.

When was the Mongol Empire established?

1206 AD, when Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes.

How large was the Mongol Empire?

The largest contiguous land empire in history—stretched from China to Eastern Europe.

What regions did the Mongols conquer?

China, Central Asia, Persia, Russia, parts of the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

What allowed Mongols to expand so fast?

Superior horseback warfare, archery, military discipline, and tolerance of local customs.

Who was Genghis Khan?

Founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire; known for brilliant military tactics and brutal conquests.

Who was Kublai Khan?

Genghis Khan’s grandson; founded the Yuan Dynasty in China (1271), ruled until 1294.

What were the four khanates?

After Genghis Khan's death, empire split into:

Yuan Dynasty (China)

Ilkhanate (Persia)

Golden Horde (Russia)

Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia)ĺ

What was the Mongol attitude toward religion?

Religiously tolerant; allowed conquered peoples to practice their own faiths.

What was the Yassa?

A secret Mongol law code, created by Genghis Khan to ensure order and discipline.

What role did the Mongol postal system play?

The Yam – a vast courier network for rapid communication across the empire.

What was the Pax Mongolica?

"Mongol Peace" (1200s–1300s) – period of stability and trade across Eurasia under Mongol rule.

How did the Mongols affect the Silk Road?

They made it safer and more active, encouraging trade and cultural exchange.

What was the negative impact of Mongol expansion?

Massive destruction, high death tolls, and possibly the spread of the Black Death via trade routes.

What was the Yuan Dynasty?

Mongol rule over China (1271–1368), founded by Kublai Khan.