Blood Health, Vitamins, and Iron Metabolism: Key Functions and Sources

What are the general functions of blood?

Cleanses the body, regulates temperature, carries oxygen and nutrients, aids in clotting, and supports the immune system.

Which vitamins are crucial for blood health?

Vitamins K, E, B2, B3, B6, B9 (folate), and B12.

What is the role of Vitamin K in blood health?

Blood coagulation and synthesis of bone collagen.

What are the functions of Vitamin E?

Production of red blood cells, widening blood vessels, anti-inflammatory support, and antioxidant properties.

What is the significance of folate (Vitamin B9) during pregnancy?

Essential for cell division and DNA synthesis; deficiency can lead to neural tube defects in the fetus.

What is the difference between heme and non-heme iron?

Heme iron is found in animal foods and is more bioavailable, while non-heme iron is found in both plant and animal foods and requires alteration for absorption.

What factors affect iron absorption?

Iron status, dietary iron type, stomach acid levels, and vitamin C levels.

What are the consequences of iron deficiency?

Anemia and fatigue, particularly in high-risk groups like infants, menstruating and pregnant individuals.

What is iron homeostasis?

The regulation of iron digestion, absorption, transport, storage, and excretion in the body.

What are the food sources of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)?

Dairy products, eggs, green leafy vegetables, and fortified cereals.

What are the key functions of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?

Energy production, DNA synthesis, and suppression of inflammation.

What is the role of Vitamin B6 in the body?

Essential for blood and brain health, including neurotransmitter production.

What are the food sources rich in folate (B9)?

Liver, legumes, enriched flour, and leafy greens.

What is the primary function of Vitamin B12?

Blood formation, DNA synthesis, and maintenance of the nervous system.

What are the main functions of zinc in the body?

Cofactor for enzymes, protein structure maintenance, and immune function.

What is the role of copper in blood health?

Required for iron transport and energy metabolism.

What are the symptoms of iron toxicity?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and potential organ damage.

What dietary factors can impair iron absorption?

Phytates, polyphenols, vegetable proteins, high fiber meals, and calcium.

What is the bioavailability of iron in a vegan diet compared to a typical Western meat diet?

Vegan diet: 10%; Typical Western meat diet: 14-18%.

What are the consequences of excessive Vitamin E intake?

Can reduce the clotting ability of Vitamin K, leading to increased bleeding risk.

What are the main functions of the immune system?

Protects against diseases, heals wounds, and guards against cancer development.

What is the role of antioxidants in blood health?

Help protect cells from damage and support immune function.

What is the significance of liver consumption for anemia?

Liver is rich in Vitamins B3, B9 (folate), and B12, which are crucial for blood health.