MIDTERM SOCIAL STUDIES DARRENKAMP

studied byStudied by 1 Person
0.0(0)
Get a hint
hint

Event that was the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages

1/126

Tags & Description

Studying Progress

New cards
126
Still learning
0
Almost done
0
Mastered
0
126 Terms
New cards

Event that was the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages

The Fall Of Rome

New cards
New cards

Reason for development of Feudalism

People needed protection

New cards
New cards

________ made up the largest part of the population in feudal society

Peasants

New cards
New cards

Role of the RCC during the Middle Ages

A huge role. The church was considered independent. It provided education, helped the poor and sick, etc.

New cards
New cards

How the crusades affected the world / results

Education increased, Power for kings increased and power for lords decreased, Middle class grew, Trading flourished.

New cards
New cards

Reactions / results of the Black Death

Reactions: People thought it may be a punishment from God, People blamed another religion, like the Jews, had poisoned the wells.

Results: Millions died and Europe faced a labor shortage, production declined and food shortages were common.

New cards
New cards

How many crusades

8

New cards
New cards

What helped give rise to the middle class

New cards
New cards

Incentives to fight in a crusade

Cause: Arguments over access to the Holy Lands. If they died on a crusade they believed they'd get a free pass to heaven.

New cards
New cards

Cause of the Hundred Year War

It began when Edward III invaded Flanders in 1337 in order to assert his claim to the French crown. This war was between England and France, the French won. Joan of Arc helped the French.

New cards
New cards

Results of Hundred Years War

French became the most powerful

New cards
New cards

Common Law (Established by who?)

Common Law was established by Henry II.

New cards
New cards

Magna Carta

a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.

New cards
New cards

How does William the Conqueror change feudalism in England

he gave large areas of land to noblemen, including the clergy , lords and barons , in return for them raising him money and an army.

New cards
New cards

Da Vinci

Mainly an artist, engineer, scientist, sculpture, and architect. Painted Mona Lisa.

New cards
New cards

Patron

a wealthy or influential supporter of an artist or writer

New cards
New cards

Florence

Birthplace of the Renaissance

New cards
New cards

Raphael

painted the last supper, Italian painter

New cards
New cards

Michelangelo

painted the Sistine Chapel, Italian artist

New cards
New cards

Rome

Primary focal point of Renaissance

New cards
New cards

Perspective

Technique used in Renaissance art to make it appear 3 dimensional.

New cards
New cards

Humanism/ what it emphasizes as important

Intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance. Emphasizes the individually of humans, human values, dignity, knowledge, etc.

New cards
New cards

Printing Press/3 effects

Invented by Johannes Gutenberg. Effects: more copies of books, spread of ideas, and reading became more accessible.

New cards
New cards

Rebirth

translation of Renaissance in French and English

New cards
New cards

King Henry VIII

Painted the last supper. Reformation, he broke away from the Catholic church creating The Anglican Church.

New cards
New cards

Petrarch

Father of Humanism

New cards
New cards

Gutenberg

Invented the printing press.

New cards
New cards

Martin Luther

Lutheran, wrote the 95 theses, a publication criticizing the Catholic Church.

New cards
New cards

Machiavelli

Wrote The Prince, a book on how to acquire power and keep it.

New cards
New cards

The Prince

a book on how to acquire power and keep it.

New cards
New cards

School of Athens

Painting by Raphael

New cards
New cards

Protestant Reformation (2 effects)

Literacy rates improved dramatically as Protestants were encouraged to read the Bible for themselves, and education became a higher priority.

New cards
New cards

Henry VIII (why started own religion, what is it called)

The pope would not annul his marriage to catherine of aragon, he started anglicanism

New cards
New cards

Secular

Worldy, Non religious

New cards
New cards

Clergy

Workers of the church

New cards
New cards

Vernacular

everyday language

New cards
New cards

Shakespeare

A popular English playwright and poet in the 16th century. He contributed to the renaissance by creating a new style of writing plays.

New cards
New cards

Last Supper

A painting by Italian artist Leonardo Da Vinci. The painting showed Jesus telling his apostles that one of them will betray him.

New cards
New cards

Sistine Chapel

A painting on the ceiling of a church by Michelangelo

New cards
New cards

Romeo and Juliet

One of 7 plays Shakespeare set in the Italian Renaissance.

New cards
New cards

95 Theses

Book written by Martin Luther. Helped push start to the protestant reformation. Speaks about how someone can only reach salvation by their faith rather than their deeds.

New cards
New cards

Reformation/cause/effects

Cause: Henry the 8th quest for a male heir Effect: Improved training and education for some roman Catholic Priests.

New cards
New cards

Inquisition/where started

A group of institutions within the catholic church to combat heresy, treachery, and traitors. Started in the 12th century in the kingdom of France.

New cards
New cards

Indulgences

Temporal punishment for sins that have already been forgiven is taken from a sinner.

New cards
New cards

Counter Reformation/purpose

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestantism challenge. Solidified the original doctrine and purpose of the church. It was combat the protestant reformation.

New cards
New cards

Council of Trent

Council of the catholic church that held a series of meeting to address the Protestantism threat to the church.

New cards
New cards

Italy/political organization

New cards
New cards

Medici

A family that ran Italy through banks

New cards
New cards

Calvin

John Calvin. Started the movement, Calvinism

New cards
New cards

Knox

A Scottish minister and a writer. Leader of the Scottish reformation.

New cards
New cards

Huguenots

French Protestants

New cards
New cards

Black death/ where recovered Jesuits/ who recovered first

New cards
New cards

Anabaptist

A faith stream within Christianity.

New cards
New cards

Ignatius of Loyola

A Spanish catholic priest. Founded the religious order of the society of Jesus. One of the most known figures in the counter reformation.

New cards
New cards

Puritans what they wanted to reform

They believed that civil authorities should enforce religion.

New cards
New cards

Catholic response to Luther

The Holy Roman Empire would condemn him an outlaw, the Catholic Church would brand him a heretic.

New cards
New cards

Peace of Augsburg/parts

-A temporary settlement of religious conflict in The Holy Roman Empire. -Established the principle of Cuius Regio. -Established the principle of reservatum ecclesiasticum -Laid the legal groundwork for religious confessions

New cards
New cards

Who supported Luther/why

-nobles and many princes -they called them protestants -many people liked him for selfish reasons -to assert their independence from Charles the 5th

New cards
New cards

RCC Response to luther

They banned his books and excommunicated him

New cards
New cards

Peace of Westphalia/ parts

New cards
New cards

30 years war/who/why/effects

Catholics vs Protestant states.

New cards
New cards

Act of supremacy

2 acts passed by the parliment of England that established the English monarchs

New cards
New cards

Presbyterianism/where

-the system of church government by representative assemblies called presbyteries, in opposition to government by bishops -Belonging or relating to Protestant Church -Scotland could also be Switzerland

New cards
New cards

Jesuits/where

an apostolic religious community called the Society of Jesus. Where: France -succeeded in converting millions around the world to Catholicism.

New cards
New cards

Calvinists/where

People who believed someone who sought to purify the church in the late 16th century. John Calvin created this religion.

New cards
New cards

Pope Paul III

Catholic Counter-Reformation

New cards
New cards

Francis Bacon Who/what were they known for

Researched and Discovered nature/sceintific method

New cards
New cards

Isaac Newton Who/what were they known for

was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Known for laws of gravity and motion.

New cards
New cards

Copernicus Who/what were they known for

Wrote book about planets revolving around the sun Went against church ideas Transformed the world of science

New cards
New cards

Galileo Who/what were they known for

was a natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. Known for the Telescope and scientific method.

New cards
New cards

Kepler Who/what were they known for

was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music. Known for Planetary motion

New cards
New cards

Guttenberg Who/what were they known for

was a German inventor and craftsman. Known for inventing the printing press.

New cards
New cards

Descartes Who/what were they known for

René Descartes was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. connect math and geometry.

New cards
New cards

Magellan Who/Where did they explore/what did they do to contribute to exploration

from Spain in 1519 with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands. first European to cross the Pacific Ocean. masterminding the first expedition to circumnavigate the world

New cards
New cards

Columbus Who/Where did they explore/what did they do to contribute to exploration

An Italian Navigator Wanted to reach the east indies Explored the Americas under the flag of Spain. revealed two continents new to Europeans and initiated a period of rapid colonization, exploration, and exploitation in the Americas. Wanted to convert more people into Christianity

New cards
New cards

Prince Henry the Navigator Who/Where did they explore/what did they do to contribute to exploration

Country: Portugal Year(s): 1415-1460 Contribution: Gathered Scientists,cartographers, map makes, ship makers...redisgned ships and trained captains...sent ships to explore the continent of Africa started the movement to find a direct route to India in Asia

New cards
New cards

Vasco de Gama Who/Where did they explore/what did they do to contribute to exploration

Country: Portugal year(s): 1497 Contribution: Went around Africa and reached India; he was the first European to directly reach India by boat.

New cards
New cards

Pizarro Who/Where did they explore/what did they do to contribute to exploration

-down the west coast of South America. -led a brutal and bloody campaign to conquer and subjugate the Inca empire.

New cards
New cards

English/Dutch joint stock companies/define

New cards
New cards

Effect of Portuguese exploration on trade (think monopoly)

New cards
New cards

Columbian Exchange/define/what was exchanged

Global swapping of goods, ideas, plants, animals, and disease

New cards
New cards

African Slave Trade/why established

It was when slaves would be traded and shipped off. It was established because it was a cheap way of labor.

New cards
New cards

Triangular Trade

linked Europe, Africa, and Americas

New cards
New cards

Approx number of slaves brought to new world

10 million

New cards