Introduction to Management Information Systems and Databases

data redundancy

the duplication of data in a database, leading to inefficiencies and inconsistencies.

data inconsistency

occurs when different copies of the same data do not match.

difficulty in data sharing

challenges faced when trying to access and share data across different systems or users.

limited security

insufficient measures to protect data from unauthorized access or breaches.

MIS

Management Information System. Structured system that collects, processes, stores, and distributes info to support decision-making and operations.

Mainframe computers

allow mod during use. Used for database operations (inventory, reservations, bank records), enterprise resource planning.

Client-server networks

data storage, backups, printing, communication, etc can all serve the customer/employee's need.

Cloud computing

accessing computer resources through the internet. Enabled sales and inventory tracking across entire retail chains.

Transaction processing systems

info system that handles business transactions. Captures, stores, modifies, and retrieves data.

Point-of-sale systems

track sales and provide info, relationships, & book keeping. Integrate multiple devices. Thermal printer (receipts) and speaker.

Decision Support systems

Help manage processes involving a variety of quickly changing inputs.

Supply chain management

planning, sourcing, manufacturing, assembly, logistics. Ability to create and process purchase orders, manage inventory in real time, and forecast future inventory needs.

Customer relationship management

integrating numerous processes related to marketing management into a single computer system.

Marketing Information Systems (MKIS)

integrating numerous processes related to marketing management into a single computer system. Gather, store, analyze. Integrated with customer relationship.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

a software system to manage core business processes. Used in mainframe computers. An integrated MIS system that will strengthen its position in a competitive marketplace.

DBMS

Database management system. Create, process, and administer a database. This is the one that is made by Oracle, Microsoft, and IBM enables users to store, retrieve, and manage data efficiently.

Data Integrity

Reliable, accurate, aligned with goals of organization. Increases data integrity.

Database data types and field properties

types is kind of data held. Properties is constraints.

Database record

row that contains related data (like customer info).

SQL

standard language for database interaction.

Database queries

instructions to retrieve or manipulate (code).

Forms

user-friendly interface for inputting data.

Reports

formatted outputs that summarize data.

Relational databases

organize data into tables based on structured data grouping. Uses foreign keys. Stored in fields, common field creates relationship.

Entities

EDR used in the design of relational databases. Visual representation.

Entities

The things entered into the database, like 'Student', 'Faculty', and 'Staff'.

Attributes

Columns that hold specific data about an entity.

Relationships

Entity interaction types: One-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many.

Metadata

Data about data; contextual info about a data asset.

Primary key

Uniquely identifies each row within a single table; this is the auto-assigned number in the primary or parent table.

Foreign key

A key that refers to another primary key, linking data within a table in associated tables.

Referential integrity

Accuracy and consistency of data within a table relationship; whenever a foreign key value is used, it references a valid existing primary key in the parent table.

Normalization

Structuring data and tables in order to reduce redundancy.

Denormalization

Combines data from multiple tables into a single table to increase retrieval speed.

Big data

Encompasses all of the analysis tools and processes related to applying and managing large volumes of data.

Volume

Scale of data.

Variety

Different forms of data.

Veracity

Uncertainty of data.

Velocality

Analysis of streaming data.

Business Intelligence

Technologies, computer applications, and procedures for the collection, analysis, and presentation of business information.

Data warehouses/marts

Repository of data and information that organizations analyze to make informed business and operational decisions; a mart is a subsection of a warehouse, specific to departments.

Data integrity

Reliable, accurate, and aligned with the organization; centralization is critical.

Reduction of data redundancy

A problem with traditional file management systems addressed by relational databases.

Decreased data inconsistency

An advantage of relational databases over traditional file management systems.

Increased data security

An advantage of relational databases over traditional file management systems.

One-to-one relationship

One record in table A matches to one record in table B.

One-to-many relationship

One record in table A matches many records in table B, but B only matches one A.

Many-to-many relationship

Many records in table A match many records in table B and vice versa, often requiring a bridge table.