English Grammar and Sentence Structure Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards detailing core grammatical concepts, sentence structure components, and common punctuation errors covered in the lecture.

Dependent Clause

A clause that relies on an independent clause to form a complete thought and sentence, often functioning as a fragment if left on its own.

Independent Clause

A clause that expresses a complete thought with a subject and verb, allowing it to stand alone as a full sentence.

Fused Sentences

Also known as run-on sentences, these occur when two or more independent clauses are improperly joined together without appropriate punctuation or conjunctions.

Comma Splice

A grammatical error that occurs when a comma is used by itself to connect two independent clauses.

Prepositions

Words that introduce an object and show how a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun relates to another word in terms of direction, location, or time.

Subject

The person, place, thing, or idea in a sentence that performs the action or represents what or whom the sentence is about.

Predicate

The part of a sentence that contains the verb and expresses the action being performed on or by the subject.

Direct Object

The noun or pronoun within a sentence that directly receives the action expressed by the predicate verb.

Indirect Object

The noun or pronoun indicating to whom or for whom the action of the verb is being performed.

Subject Complement

A word or phrase that renames or describes the subject, typically connected to the subject by a linking verb.

Collective Nouns

Nouns such as 'committee' or 'family' that consist of multiple individual members but function as a single unifying body requiring a singular verb.

Romance Languages

A group of languages—specifically including French, Spanish, and Italian—that share historical roots and construct meaning with similar grammar and syntax.