1/24
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
sense of place
people’s perception of a place
placemaking
a variety of efforts that seek to use and design public places to better serve the needs of residents and to foster a stronger community.
Centripetal Force
one that brings people together and unifies a neighborhood, society, or country. Centripetal forces frequently are cultural commonalities. Similar spoken languages, similar religious traditions, and similar ethnicities can all bring a society together. In general, homogeneity, or sameness, leads to less conflict and tension within a society.
What are the 4 centripetal forces?
Religion, Language, and Ethnicity
Centrifugal Forces
forces that threaten the cohesion of a neighborhood, society, or country. They pull people farther apart or drive a wedge between different segments of society. When cultural differences lead to social or political tension, they can act as centrifugal forces that pull the community farther apart.
Secularization
the process whereby religion becomes a less dominant force in everyday life than it was in the past
Diffusion
the pattern by which a phenomenon spreads from one location to another through space and time.
2 main types of diffusion
Relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion
Relocation Diffusion
when individuals or groups with a particular idea or practice migrate from one location to another, thereby bringing the idea or practice to their new homeland.
Expansion Diffusion
when ideas or practices spread throughout a population, from area to area.
3 types of expansion diffusion
hierarchical diffusion, contagious diffusion, and stimulus diffusion.
Hierarchical Diffusion
when ideas leapfrog from one influential person to another or from one important place to another, skipping other persons or places.
Contagious diffusion
the wavelike spread of ideas in the manner of a contagious disease, equally moving throughout space. As with a contagious disease, exposure is required for something to be spread through contagious diffusion
Stimulus Diffusion
when a specific trait is not adopted in its original form, but the underlying idea is accepted and the cultural trait is adapted. Stimulus diffusion isn’t wholesale adoption of a trait. Rather, it involves cultural adaptation to create something new.
Absorbing barriers
any barriers that completely halt the diffusion of a cultural trait. An absorbing barrier could be a mountain range, an ocean, a political institution, a legal code, or a cultural taboo.
Permeable barriers
allow innovations to diffuse partially and in a weakened way.
Pidgin language
A trade language, characterized by a very small vocabulary derived from the languages of at least two or more groups in contact. A simplified form of speech to make it easier for people who speak different languages to communicate.
creole languages
A combined language that has a fuller vocabulary than a pidgin language and becomes a native language. Starts form a pidgin but is more developed and complicated
Creolization
linguistic process where languages converge and create new languages and forms of communication.
lingua franca
A language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue
bilingualism
the ability to speak and understand 2 languages fluently
Empires
sovereign political entities that seek to expand beyond their origin territory to control more territory politically and/or economically.
Imperialism
motivating impulse to control greater amounts of territory,
Colonliallism
the act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which becomes known as a colony.
Genocide
The systematic killing of members of a racial, ethnic, or linguistic group