2nd Sui ruler; restored Confucian examination system; constructed canal system; assassinated in 618.
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Loyang
Capital of later Sui dynasty
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Li Yuan
Founder of the Tang Dynasty
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Tang Taizong
Great emperor of the Tang Dynasty; Helped his father (Li Yuan) take over Sui dynasty
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Heavenly Khan
Tang rulers
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Kaozong
Emperor who in 668 sent armies to take over Korea, created a vassal kingdom called Silla
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Silla
A vassal kingdom established by Tang Dynasty in Korea. Remained loyal to China and paid tribute.
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Chang'an
Capital of Tang dynasty; most populated city in the world at the time.
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Ministry of Rites
administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty.
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Jinshi
Title granted to those students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office.
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Chan Buddhism (Zen)
Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society
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Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism
emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia
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Empress Wu
the only woman to rule China in her own name, expanded the empire and supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.
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Wuzong
Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology
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Xuanzong
Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who encouraged overexpansion
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Yang Guifei
Royal concubine of Tang emperor Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into administration led to revolt.
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An Lushan
Foreign-born general who led a major revolt against the Tang dynasty in 755-763, perhaps provoking China's turn to xenophobia
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Song Dynasty
Empire in southern China after the Tang Dynasty.
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Zhao Kuangyin
Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent.
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Khitan people
A nomadic people in northern China who were not taken over by the Song dynasty.
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Zhu Xi
Most prominent neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life.
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Southern Song Dynasty
Rump state of Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history
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Jurchens
Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south.
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Grand Canal
The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.
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Junks
Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula
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Flying Money
Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency
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Hangzhou
Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million.
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Foot Binding
Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.
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Li Bo
Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings.
Studied by 17 people
