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expiration
process of exhaling
breathing
movement of air into & out of lungs
trachea
flexible cartilaginous tube
pneumotaxic area
neurons that regulate rate of breathing
chemosensitive areas
sensitive to changes in concentration of CO2 & hydrogen ions
hyperventilation
act of breathing deeply & rapidly
respiration
entire process of gas exchange
760 mm Hg
what is atmospheric pressure at sea level?
alveoli
exchange of gases in the lungs occur in?
mediastinum
space between lungs?
diffusion
exchange of gases in lungs?
nitrogen
major portion of the atmosphere is composed of?
carbon dioxide
hyperventilation is triggered by the rapid reduction of which gas in the bloodstream?
pneumotaxic area
this group of neurons helps regulate the rate of breathing?
dorsal respiratory group
this group of neurons is responsible for the basic rhythm of breathing?
CO2 & hyrogen
chemosensitive areas are sensitive to concentration changes in what 2 blood elements?
tracheopharynx
which isn’t a subdivision of the pharynx?
nitrogen
in a sample of air which of the gases would have the highest partial pressure?
hyaline
which type of cartilage forms the larynx?
2
in order to inhale, we must lower the pressure in our thoracic cavity by thus many mm of Hg?
70-80
the alveoli in 1 adult lung have a total surface area of how many sqr ft?
efferent arteriole
carries away from the glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
thin-walled, saclike structure
glomerular filtrate
substance absorbed out of blood within glomerulus
filtration pressure
pressure acting to force substances out of the glomerulus
trigone
forms floor of bladder
glomerulus
tangled cluster of blood capilaries
ureter
carries urine from kidneys to bladder
afferent arteriole
carries blood to glomerulus
ureter
pelvis of the kidney opens into the
Cortex
Region of kidneys that is composed chiefly of blood, capillaries, and tubules is the
Bowmans capsule
The saclike end of a kidney tubule is called the
Bowmans capsule
The part of a nephron that is most intimately related to the glomerulus is the
Uvula
The following structures are included in the urinary system, except
Urethra
The urine is carried to the outside of the body by the
Nephron
A functional unit of the kidney is the
Urinary bladder
The urine is stored in the
Bowmans capsule
The upper end of each nephron is expanded into a saclike structure, called the
Micturition
Elimination of urine
Glomeruli
The cavity of Bowmans capsule is filled with 50 separate capillaries called
Afferent arterials
Which blood vessel carries blood directly into the glomerulus
2 gallons
How much glomerular filtrate is produce every
Glucose
Which of the following substances are present in the filtrate, but not in the urine?
Potassium
Which substance enters the urine via tubular secretion
Chyme
Paste of food particles, and gastric juice
Emulsification
Breakdown of fat, globules into smaller droplets
Ileoceal valve
Muscular sphincter that divides the small and large intestine
Gallbladder
Pear-shaped sac that stores bile
Chief cells
Secrete digestive enzymes
Ruegae
Folds of the stomach lining
Esophagus
Passageway between the pharynx and stomach
Intrinsic factor
Secreted by the Perrietta cells, helps absorb B12
Cardiac sphincter
Passage from the esophagus into the stomach
Common bile duct
Carries bile from the liver to the small intestine
3 to 6
Fatty foods remain in the stomach for_____hours
Pancreas and liver
Small intestine receives digestive, secretions from the
Peptidase
Which digestive enzyme splits peptides into amino acids
Peristaltic rush
_____Moves the contents of the small intestine very rapidly into the large intestine
1.5
The large intestine is approximately_____meters long
Water and electrolytes
The large intestine can re-absorb
Which substance causes the emulsification of fats
Bile
Perietal
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the___cells
Chyme
Thick liquid form of food in the stomach is known as
Fundus
Upper portion of the stomach is the
Vitamin B-12
Substance known as intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of
Lipase
Substance that is not a constituent of
Interstitial cells
Cells that produce and secrete male sex, hormones
FSH (m)
Causes the general epithelium to produce sperm
Spermatgenic cells
Cells that produce sperm cells
LH (m)
Promotes development of interstitial cells of testes
Spermatogenesis
Process when a sperm cells are produced
Testes
Primary sex organ of males
23
Sperm cell contains ___ hormones
120 mil
Average number of sperm present in semen is about ___ / milliliter
Primary spermatocytes
In a young male spermatogenic cells are undifferentiated & are called
Group of male sex hormones
Androgens
Secondary spermatocytes
During meiosis the primary spermatocytes each divide to form 2?
Testosterone
Most abundant male sex hormone
GnRH
What hormone is produced in hypothalamus?
Inhibin
Hormone inhibits, the secretion of FSH
LH (f)
Hormone that causes the release of an egg
Polar body
Remnant soul of meiosis with no reproductive function
FSH (f)
Hormone that causes the mid maturation of an egg
Ovaries
Primary sex organ of female