A&P semester review

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121 Terms

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expiration
process of exhaling
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breathing
movement of air into & out of lungs
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trachea
flexible cartilaginous tube
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pneumotaxic area
neurons that regulate rate of breathing
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chemosensitive areas
sensitive to changes in concentration of CO2 & hydrogen ions
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hyperventilation
act of breathing deeply & rapidly
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respiration
entire process of gas exchange
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760 mm Hg
what is atmospheric pressure at sea level?
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alveoli
exchange of gases in the lungs occur in?
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mediastinum
space between lungs?
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diffusion
exchange of gases in lungs?
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nitrogen
major portion of the atmosphere is composed of?
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carbon dioxide
hyperventilation is triggered by the rapid reduction of which gas in the bloodstream?
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pneumotaxic area
this group of neurons helps regulate the rate of breathing?
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dorsal respiratory group
this group of neurons is responsible for the basic rhythm of breathing?
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CO2 & hyrogen
chemosensitive areas are sensitive to concentration changes in what 2 blood elements?
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tracheopharynx
which isn’t a subdivision of the pharynx?
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nitrogen
in a sample of air which of the gases would have the highest partial pressure?
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hyaline
which type of cartilage forms the larynx?
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2
in order to inhale, we must lower the pressure in our thoracic cavity by thus many mm of Hg?
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70-80
the alveoli in 1 adult lung have a total surface area of how many sqr ft?
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efferent arteriole
carries away from the glomerulus
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bowman’s capsule
thin-walled, saclike structure
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glomerular filtrate
substance absorbed out of blood within glomerulus
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filtration pressure
pressure acting to force substances out of the glomerulus
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trigone
forms floor of bladder
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glomerulus
tangled cluster of blood capilaries
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ureter
carries urine from kidneys to bladder
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afferent arteriole
carries blood to glomerulus
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ureter
pelvis of the kidney opens into the
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Cortex
Region of kidneys that is composed chiefly of blood, capillaries, and tubules is the
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Bowmans capsule
The saclike end of a kidney tubule is called the
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Bowmans capsule
The part of a nephron that is most intimately related to the glomerulus is the
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Uvula
The following structures are included in the urinary system, except
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Urethra
The urine is carried to the outside of the body by the
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Nephron
A functional unit of the kidney is the
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Urinary bladder
\
The urine is stored in the
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Bowmans capsule
The upper end of each nephron is expanded into a saclike structure, called the
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Micturition
Elimination of urine
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Glomeruli
The cavity of Bowmans capsule is filled with 50 separate capillaries called
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Afferent arterials
Which blood vessel carries blood directly into the glomerulus
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2 gallons
How much glomerular filtrate is produce every
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Glucose
Which of the following substances are present in the filtrate, but not in the urine?
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Potassium
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Which substance enters the urine via tubular secretion
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Chyme
Paste of food particles, and gastric juice
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Emulsification
Breakdown of fat, globules into smaller droplets
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Ileoceal valve
Muscular sphincter that divides the small and large intestine
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Gallbladder
Pear-shaped sac that stores bile
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Chief cells
Secrete digestive enzymes
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Ruegae
Folds of the stomach lining
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Esophagus
Passageway between the pharynx and stomach
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Intrinsic factor
Secreted by the Perrietta cells, helps absorb B12
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Cardiac sphincter
Passage from the esophagus into the stomach
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Common bile duct
Carries bile from the liver to the small intestine
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3 to 6
Fatty foods remain in the stomach for_____hours
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Pancreas and liver
Small intestine receives digestive, secretions from the
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Peptidase
Which digestive enzyme splits peptides into amino acids
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Peristaltic rush
_____Moves the contents of the small intestine very rapidly into the large intestine
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1\.5
The large intestine is approximately_____meters long
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Water and electrolytes
The large intestine can re-absorb
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Which substance causes the emulsification of fats
Bile
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Perietal
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the___cells
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Chyme
Thick liquid form of food in the stomach is known as
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Fundus
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Upper portion of the stomach is the
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Vitamin B-12
Substance known as intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of
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Lipase
Substance that is not a constituent of
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Interstitial cells
Cells that produce and secrete male sex, hormones
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FSH (m)
Causes the general epithelium to produce sperm
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Spermatgenic cells
Cells that produce sperm cells
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LH (m)
Promotes development of interstitial cells of testes
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Spermatogenesis
Process when a sperm cells are produced
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Testes
Primary sex organ of males
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23
Sperm cell contains ___ hormones
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120 mil
Average number of sperm present in semen is about ___ / milliliter
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Primary spermatocytes
In a young male spermatogenic cells are undifferentiated & are called
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Group of male sex hormones
Androgens
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Secondary spermatocytes
During meiosis the primary spermatocytes each divide to form 2?
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Testosterone
Most abundant male sex hormone
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GnRH
What hormone is produced in hypothalamus?
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Inhibin
Hormone inhibits, the secretion of FSH
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LH (f)
Hormone that causes the release of an egg
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Polar body
Remnant soul of meiosis with no reproductive function
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FSH (f)
Hormone that causes the mid maturation of an egg
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Ovaries
Primary sex organ of female
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23
Egg cell contains___ chromosomes
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15 to20
Each memory gland is composed of how many lobes
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Zygote and polar body
Following fertilization the secondary, oocyte divides to produce
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Endometrium
Inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is called
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Vestibular glands
Structures that correspond to the Mail logo referral Glenn’s lie on either side of the vaginal opening
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GnRH
At eight years old females hypothalamus begins to secrete increased amounts of this hormone
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Estrogen and progesterone
2 groups of female sex hormones
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estrogen
Stimulates enlargement of many female accessory organs
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Corpus albicans
On day 24 of menstrual cycle corpus luteum is replaced by this fibrous connective tissue structure
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Convolution
Ridge in the cerebral cortex
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Ascending tracts
Carry sensory impulses to brain
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Reflex
Means to “turn back”
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Subarachnoid space
Space between arachnoid mater & pia mater
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Arbor vitae
Tree of life
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Synlapse
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Junction between an axon of one neuron and dendrite of another
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Pia Mater
Membrane on the spinal cord