A&P semester review

expiration

expiration

process of exhaling

breathing

movement of air into & out of lungs

trachea

flexible cartilaginous tube

pneumotaxic area

neurons that regulate rate of breathing

chemosensitive areas

sensitive to changes in concentration of CO2 & hydrogen ions

hyperventilation

act of breathing deeply & rapidly

respiration

entire process of gas exchange

760 mm Hg

what is atmospheric pressure at sea level?

alveoli

exchange of gases in the lungs occur in?

mediastinum

space between lungs?

diffusion

exchange of gases in lungs?

nitrogen

major portion of the atmosphere is composed of?

carbon dioxide

hyperventilation is triggered by the rapid reduction of which gas in the bloodstream?

pneumotaxic area

this group of neurons helps regulate the rate of breathing?

dorsal respiratory group

this group of neurons is responsible for the basic rhythm of breathing?

CO2 & hyrogen

chemosensitive areas are sensitive to concentration changes in what 2 blood elements?

tracheopharynx

which isn’t a subdivision of the pharynx?

nitrogen

in a sample of air which of the gases would have the highest partial pressure?

hyaline

which type of cartilage forms the larynx?

2

in order to inhale, we must lower the pressure in our thoracic cavity by thus many mm of Hg?

70-80

the alveoli in 1 adult lung have a total surface area of how many sqr ft?

efferent arteriole

carries away from the glomerulus

bowman’s capsule

thin-walled, saclike structure

glomerular filtrate

substance absorbed out of blood within glomerulus

filtration pressure

pressure acting to force substances out of the glomerulus

trigone

forms floor of bladder

glomerulus

tangled cluster of blood capilaries

ureter

carries urine from kidneys to bladder

afferent arteriole

carries blood to glomerulus

ureter

pelvis of the kidney opens into the

Cortex

Region of kidneys that is composed chiefly of blood, capillaries, and tubules is the

Bowmans capsule

The saclike end of a kidney tubule is called the

Bowmans capsule

The part of a nephron that is most intimately related to the glomerulus is the

Uvula

The following structures are included in the urinary system, except

Urethra

The urine is carried to the outside of the body by the

Nephron

A functional unit of the kidney is the

Urinary bladder

The urine is stored in the

Bowmans capsule

The upper end of each nephron is expanded into a saclike structure, called the

Micturition

Elimination of urine

Glomeruli

The cavity of Bowmans capsule is filled with 50 separate capillaries called

Afferent arterials

Which blood vessel carries blood directly into the glomerulus

2 gallons

How much glomerular filtrate is produce every

Glucose

Which of the following substances are present in the filtrate, but not in the urine?

Potassium

Which substance enters the urine via tubular secretion

Chyme

Paste of food particles, and gastric juice

Emulsification

Breakdown of fat, globules into smaller droplets

Ileoceal valve

Muscular sphincter that divides the small and large intestine

Gallbladder

Pear-shaped sac that stores bile

Chief cells

Secrete digestive enzymes

Ruegae

Folds of the stomach lining

Esophagus

Passageway between the pharynx and stomach

Intrinsic factor

Secreted by the Perrietta cells, helps absorb B12

Cardiac sphincter

Passage from the esophagus into the stomach

Common bile duct

Carries bile from the liver to the small intestine

3 to 6

Fatty foods remain in the stomach for_____hours

Pancreas and liver

Small intestine receives digestive, secretions from the

Peptidase

Which digestive enzyme splits peptides into amino acids

Peristaltic rush

_____Moves the contents of the small intestine very rapidly into the large intestine

1.5

The large intestine is approximately_____meters long

Water and electrolytes

The large intestine can re-absorb

Which substance causes the emulsification of fats

Bile

Perietal

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the___cells

Chyme

Thick liquid form of food in the stomach is known as

Fundus

Upper portion of the stomach is the

Vitamin B-12

Substance known as intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of

Lipase

Substance that is not a constituent of

Interstitial cells

Cells that produce and secrete male sex, hormones

FSH (m)

Causes the general epithelium to produce sperm

Spermatgenic cells

Cells that produce sperm cells

LH (m)

Promotes development of interstitial cells of testes

Spermatogenesis

Process when a sperm cells are produced

Testes

Primary sex organ of males

23

Sperm cell contains ___ hormones

120 mil

Average number of sperm present in semen is about ___ / milliliter

Primary spermatocytes

In a young male spermatogenic cells are undifferentiated & are called

Group of male sex hormones

Androgens

Secondary spermatocytes

During meiosis the primary spermatocytes each divide to form 2?

Testosterone

Most abundant male sex hormone

GnRH

What hormone is produced in hypothalamus?

Inhibin

Hormone inhibits, the secretion of FSH

LH (f)

Hormone that causes the release of an egg

Polar body

Remnant soul of meiosis with no reproductive function

FSH (f)

Hormone that causes the mid maturation of an egg

Ovaries

Primary sex organ of female

23

Egg cell contains___ chromosomes

15 to20

Each memory gland is composed of how many lobes

Zygote and polar body

Following fertilization the secondary, oocyte divides to produce

Endometrium

Inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is called

Vestibular glands

Structures that correspond to the Mail logo referral Glenn’s lie on either side of the vaginal opening

GnRH

At eight years old females hypothalamus begins to secrete increased amounts of this hormone

Estrogen and progesterone

2 groups of female sex hormones

estrogen

Stimulates enlargement of many female accessory organs

Corpus albicans

On day 24 of menstrual cycle corpus luteum is replaced by this fibrous connective tissue structure

Convolution

Ridge in the cerebral cortex

Ascending tracts

Carry sensory impulses to brain

Reflex

Means to “turn back”

Subarachnoid space

Space between arachnoid mater & pia mater

Arbor vitae

Tree of life

Synlapse

Junction between an axon of one neuron and dendrite of another

Pia Mater

Membrane on the spinal cord