A&P semester review

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121 Terms
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expiration

process of exhaling

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breathing

movement of air into & out of lungs

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trachea

flexible cartilaginous tube

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pneumotaxic area

neurons that regulate rate of breathing

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chemosensitive areas

sensitive to changes in concentration of CO2 & hydrogen ions

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hyperventilation

act of breathing deeply & rapidly

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respiration

entire process of gas exchange

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760 mm Hg

what is atmospheric pressure at sea level?

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alveoli

exchange of gases in the lungs occur in?

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mediastinum

space between lungs?

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diffusion

exchange of gases in lungs?

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nitrogen

major portion of the atmosphere is composed of?

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carbon dioxide

hyperventilation is triggered by the rapid reduction of which gas in the bloodstream?

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pneumotaxic area

this group of neurons helps regulate the rate of breathing?

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dorsal respiratory group

this group of neurons is responsible for the basic rhythm of breathing?

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CO2 & hyrogen

chemosensitive areas are sensitive to concentration changes in what 2 blood elements?

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tracheopharynx

which isn’t a subdivision of the pharynx?

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nitrogen

in a sample of air which of the gases would have the highest partial pressure?

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hyaline

which type of cartilage forms the larynx?

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2

in order to inhale, we must lower the pressure in our thoracic cavity by thus many mm of Hg?

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70-80

the alveoli in 1 adult lung have a total surface area of how many sqr ft?

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efferent arteriole

carries away from the glomerulus

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bowman’s capsule

thin-walled, saclike structure

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glomerular filtrate

substance absorbed out of blood within glomerulus

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filtration pressure

pressure acting to force substances out of the glomerulus

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trigone

forms floor of bladder

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glomerulus

tangled cluster of blood capilaries

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ureter

carries urine from kidneys to bladder

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afferent arteriole

carries blood to glomerulus

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ureter

pelvis of the kidney opens into the

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Cortex

Region of kidneys that is composed chiefly of blood, capillaries, and tubules is the

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Bowmans capsule

The saclike end of a kidney tubule is called the

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Bowmans capsule

The part of a nephron that is most intimately related to the glomerulus is the

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Uvula

The following structures are included in the urinary system, except

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Urethra

The urine is carried to the outside of the body by the

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Nephron

A functional unit of the kidney is the

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Urinary bladder

The urine is stored in the

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Bowmans capsule

The upper end of each nephron is expanded into a saclike structure, called the

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Micturition

Elimination of urine

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Glomeruli

The cavity of Bowmans capsule is filled with 50 separate capillaries called

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Afferent arterials

Which blood vessel carries blood directly into the glomerulus

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2 gallons

How much glomerular filtrate is produce every

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Glucose

Which of the following substances are present in the filtrate, but not in the urine?

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Potassium

Which substance enters the urine via tubular secretion

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Chyme

Paste of food particles, and gastric juice

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Emulsification

Breakdown of fat, globules into smaller droplets

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Ileoceal valve

Muscular sphincter that divides the small and large intestine

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Gallbladder

Pear-shaped sac that stores bile

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Chief cells

Secrete digestive enzymes

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Ruegae

Folds of the stomach lining

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Esophagus

Passageway between the pharynx and stomach

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Intrinsic factor

Secreted by the Perrietta cells, helps absorb B12

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Cardiac sphincter

Passage from the esophagus into the stomach

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Common bile duct

Carries bile from the liver to the small intestine

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3 to 6

Fatty foods remain in the stomach for_____hours

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Pancreas and liver

Small intestine receives digestive, secretions from the

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Peptidase

Which digestive enzyme splits peptides into amino acids

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Peristaltic rush

_____Moves the contents of the small intestine very rapidly into the large intestine

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1.5

The large intestine is approximately_____meters long

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Water and electrolytes

The large intestine can re-absorb

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Which substance causes the emulsification of fats

Bile

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Perietal

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the___cells

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Chyme

Thick liquid form of food in the stomach is known as

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Fundus

Upper portion of the stomach is the

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Vitamin B-12

Substance known as intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of

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Lipase

Substance that is not a constituent of

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Interstitial cells

Cells that produce and secrete male sex, hormones

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FSH (m)

Causes the general epithelium to produce sperm

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Spermatgenic cells

Cells that produce sperm cells

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LH (m)

Promotes development of interstitial cells of testes

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Spermatogenesis

Process when a sperm cells are produced

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Testes

Primary sex organ of males

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23

Sperm cell contains ___ hormones

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120 mil

Average number of sperm present in semen is about ___ / milliliter

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Primary spermatocytes

In a young male spermatogenic cells are undifferentiated & are called

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Group of male sex hormones

Androgens

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Secondary spermatocytes

During meiosis the primary spermatocytes each divide to form 2?

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Testosterone

Most abundant male sex hormone

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GnRH

What hormone is produced in hypothalamus?

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Inhibin

Hormone inhibits, the secretion of FSH

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LH (f)

Hormone that causes the release of an egg

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Polar body

Remnant soul of meiosis with no reproductive function

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FSH (f)

Hormone that causes the mid maturation of an egg

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Ovaries

Primary sex organ of female

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