Social 20-1 Final Review Alberta

There is a LOT of content in here, but trust me, youll be cooking on your final

Nationalism

Love and loyalty to a nation.

Civic Nationalism

Nationalism to the government and laws of a nation.

Ethnic Nationalism

Nationalism based on culture and heritage.

Sovereignty

A nation’s right to govern themselves.

Reasonable Accommodation

Adjusting political structure to better accommodate the needs and rights of the common people.

Self Determination

Power to control your own affairs, nation dictates actions based on interests.

Nationalist Loyalties

A devotion to one’s nation and culture.

Non-Nationalist Loyalties

Loyalty to other aspects of your life (religion, culture).

Civic Nation

Nation created by people who abide by a shared set of values and beliefs.

Liberalism

Highlighted ideas of individual freedom, change, and constitutional limitations on government. More progressive.

Conservatism

Need to preserve existing order, resist change, FR through monarchy supporters and royalist rule.

Reactionary

Go back to pre-existing state.

John Locke

Government holds power based on the people’s consent; protects individual’s rights and freedoms

Voltaire

Individual liberty, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.

Rousseau

General will of the people must be upheld. General will is the interest of the entire group over the individual.

Adam Smith

Private property is the cornerstone of society. Individuals should be free to own within the marketplace.

Hobbes

Society must relinquish their rights to a man who’ll govern with absolute power. (Authoritarianism and absolutism)

1st Estate: Clergy

Religious officials in the Old Regime.

2nd Estate

Nobility in the Old Regime.

3rd Estate

Everyone else in the Old Regime.

Bourgeoisie

A large well educated moderately wealthy middle class that would lead the revolution.

Louis the 16th

A weak, inadequate, evasive ruler who couldn't control his hefty wife.

Feudal System

Economic system based on exchange of services between the land owners and peasants.

Necker

Louis fires his popular financial advisor because of the state of crisis

Estates General

Called for the first time in 150 years by Louis the 16th

Estates General 1

Louis doesn't listen to the Bourgeoise needs and support for him fades

Tennis Court Oath

Bourgeoise promise not to leave till constitution created

National Assembly

Bourgeoise along with members of the 2nd and 3rd estates claim to be the new collective people representing body

Storming the Bastille

First public display of violence

Declaration of the Rights of Man

First written constitution of France, made men equal under the law.

National Convention

Governing body after the king dies

Women’s March on Versailles

Parisian market women marched to the Palace of Versailles to demand action from King Louis XVI.

National Assembly 1

A constitutional monarchy

National Convention 1

France was now a republic after the king died.

Reign of Terror

Period of dictatorial control with no freedoms, ruled by the Committee of Public Safety.

Robespierre

A Jacobin. Supported the Reign of Terror and caused it, led the Committee of Public Safety, believed reign was necessary to protect the revolution and enforce virtue.

Danton

Initially supported Terror, later opposed its extreme measures as he found it too violent and out of control.

Marat

Strongly opposed Terror, saw it essential to eliminate enemies of the revolution and protect its progress. Ran the newspaper of L’ami du Peuple. A Jacobin.

Jacobins

Supported the ROT, believed it was necessary to defend the revolution and establish the republic through radical measures.

Girondins

Opposed ROT, advocated for more moderate approaches, against violence of the revolution

Reign of Terror End

Ends with Robespierre getting executed

Napolean

Takes over in bloodless coup

Bank of France

He stabilizes France’s economy

Tax Reform

Brings money to the government and services to the people of France, equal taxes.

Concordat

Creates a secular state. Church and state are now different and isolated from one another, and also gives religious freedom to Jews.

Napoleonic Code

System of laws written for all to follow

Education Reform

Free and equal education for all

Continental System

Tried to use economic warfare against Britain yet they countered him with Orders in Council

Napoleon After Russia Failure

Exiled to Elba, returns more powerful due to loyalty and nationalism within France

Legitimacy

Restore monarchies throughout Europe

Balance of Power

Redraw map of Europe to ensure a balanced approach

Concert of Europe

Quadruple alliance to act in “concert” to defend against any possible threat from France.

Splendid Isolationism

Refers to Britain prior to WW1

Foreign Policy

How a government acts with another country

National Interest

A nation acting in a manner that benefits them

Reparations

Economic punishment forced on a nation after a war defeat

Collective Security

Strength of many countries against an aggressive country

Universal Suffrage

The right to vote for all

Unification of Germany

Bismarck unites Germany under Prussian rule

Franco-Prussian War

Increasing tension in Europe between Prussia(Germany) and France

Militarism

The build up of Military readiness throughout Europe

Alliances

Ensured that any conflict between 2 powers will become a continental war between at least 6 powers.

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy

Triple Entente

France, Britain, and Russia

Imperialism

Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another nation or region

Nationalism 1

The desire and willingness to fight and die for your country during WW1 enabled the war to become one of attrition (wearing one down until they collapse)

Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Desire of Slavic Nationalists

Area became known as the Powder Keg of Europe due to ethnic and nationalist unrest

Spark of WW1

Spark was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne

Schliefffen Plan

Attack France through Belgium and Luxembourg, swinging around to trap French troops

How Other Countries Get Involved After Assassination

GB enters war due to invasion of Belgium

Canada in WW1

Major contributor, recognized as a powerful military

Military Voters Act

Gave men and women the right to vote if in the Canadian Expedition Force

Wartime Elections Act

Gave the right to vote to the mothers, wives, and sisters of serving soldiers

Female Suffrage

Women would get the right to vote by 1918

Order of Mobilization WW1

Russia

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Territory given to Germany

Germany focuses this effort on winning the war within a year

Re-institute Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

2 Main Reasons Why German Efforts Failed

The USA enters the war due to the USW in 1917

Germany is the final Central power to sign the armistice

Germany is the final Central power to sign the armistice on November 11th 1918

Main Points in Wilson’s 14 Points

Self-determination

GARGLE

Germany gets smaller

GARGLE 1

Army restricted to 100,000 men, no tanks, airforce, subs, or battleships

Collective Security 1

System by which states have attempted to prevent or stop wars. Aggressor to one is an aggressor to all. Seen in the LoN.

Weimar Republic

Constitutional Republic in Germany from 1918 to 1933

Isolationism 1

Belief that a nation should avoid wars and conflict that don't benefit or concern it, seen in America in early WW2

Self-Determination 1

People’s rights to form their own political identity

League of Nations 1

Created after WW1 with the hope to stop wars, improve the economy, disarmament, and enforce the Treaty of Versailles

Reparations 1

Germans had to pay 6 billion euros in reparations

Joseph Stalin

Leader of USSR

Kulaks

Rich farmers in the USSR that opposed collectivized agriculture

Collectivatization

The organization of all of a country’s production and industry so that it’s owned by the government.

Maginot Line

France’s heavily fortified defence front between Germany that held no chance against their Blitzkrieg as it was immobile

Rhineland

Strip of German land that borders France, Belgium, and Germany that Hitler wanted to regain after it was lost due to the Treaty of Versailles

Seven Day Delay

Canada waited a week before joining WW2 to show independence from Britain

Little Entente

Alliance between Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Romania against German domination

Lebensraum

Increase German living space

Appasement

Giving an aggressive foreign power what it wants to avoid war; seen in the Munich Conference

Blitzkrieg

Germany’s new fighting tactic in 1939, AKA lightning war, and included motorized infantry, tanks, and airplanes all working together. It would first be used against Warsaw in 1939.

Internationalism 1

Belief that nations must work together as part of a global community

Supranationalism 1

Belief that nations must work together as part of an international organization