Bio Pre-Test

Organization

Dividing the massive range of study into levels: entire planet to molecules and cells - reductionism

Information

Life’s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic information

Energy and Matter

Living organisms, made up of matter, require energy to perform all processes of life

Interactions

At any level of biological study, allows integration of parts to function as a whole

Evolution

Accounts for unity and diversity of life, descent with modification, the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present day ones.

Science

Derives from Latin verb “to know”

Inquiry

the search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions

Evolution can also be defined as the change in the ______ _________ of a population from generation to generation.

genetic composition

What is the example regarding natural selection?

Black moth population before and after industrial revolution

Term for all of the living world

Biotic/Biosphere

Term for all of the unliving world

Abiotic

Give all the acronyms for ROaCH RAGE

Respond, Organized, Complex, Homeostasis, Reproduce, Acquire, Grow, Evolve

Levels of Biology (11-1)

Atoms, Molecule, Organelle, Cells, Tissue, Organ/Organ system, Organism, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere.

What does HED stand for

Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia pedigree

Symptoms of HED

Deficit of sweat glands, absent hair, lack of tooth development

How many sex chromosomes does each parent give?

1

HED is linked with the __ chromosome

X

Mutation

A change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene

DNA’s structure is a ___

Double Helix

What is DNA’s structure made out of

Nucleotides

What nucleotides does DNA have?

A, T, C, G

What is the structure of mRNA?

Single-Stranded

Pathway for DNA

DNA → mRNA → Protein Folding → crystallin

How is the lens able to focus light?

It can focus light because lens cells are packed with transparent proteins called crystallin

Emergent Property

New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

Non-living example of an emergent property:

Diamond vs Graphite

Matter

Anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter is made up of chemical elements and exists in many forms.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object, not its weight unless you are in a place with gravity! Then the weight is a measure of its mass

Element

Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions

Compound

A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.

What elements make up 96% of living matter

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Mass number

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus

Atomic mass

the weighted average of the atomic mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Rows have elements with the same total number of ___ _____

electron shells

Columns have elements with the same number of electrons in their _________ _____

valence shell

Valence

The bonding capacity of unpaired electrons required to complete the atom’s outmost shell

Electrons can move from one shell to another, but only by losing or absorbing _____ amounts of energy

Fixed

An electron going from the 1st to 2nd energy level is _____ energy

Gaining

Only ____ are directly involved in chemical reactions

Electrons

The ________ _________ of an atom is determined by the distribution of electrons in the atom’s electron shells and determined mostly by the electrons in its _______ shell

Chemical behavior, outermost

Inert

Chemically interactive atom, outermost shell either full or empty

What elements would be inert

Noble gases

How many electrons can fit in an orbital

2

How many possible valence shells are there for elements with less than 18 electrons?

1