Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Freedmen’s Bureau

Established in 1865 by Congress to assist newly freed African Americans and poor whites in the South after the Civil War

food, schools, labor contracts

The Freedmen’s Bureau provided things such as

• ? to eat

• ? for education

• ? for work

civil rights

The Freedmen’s Bureau was significant in protecting the ? of African Americans in a limited era

Andrew Johnson

17th president of US who was Southern Democrat who remained loyal to the Union

• Frequently had conflicts with Radical Republicans in Congress

• Issued pardons to former Confederate leaders

• Widely criticized by Americans

• Sworn in immediately after Lincoln’s assassination

political

Andrew Johnson’s presidency represented a time of intense ? conflict, especially within Congress with the Radical Republicans (who actually tried to get rid of him)

Black Codes

Laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866 to restrict the freedoms of African Americans even after the Civil War

white supremacy

Black Codes allowed ? to remain in the South

Civil Rights Act, 14th

Black Codes led to Congress passing the ? of 1866 and the ? Amendment

Thaddeus Stevens

Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress

• pushed for aggressive Reconstruction policies

• HATED SLAVERY AND SOUTHERN CULTURE

African Americans

Thaddeus Stevens sought to guarantee civil rights for ? after the Civil War

14th, 15th

Thaddeus Stevens was important in the passage of both the ? and ? Amendments

14th Amendment

One of the cornerstone legislations of the Reconstruction-era

• Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US, even former slaves

• all citizens are provided with equal protection

civil rights, discriminatory

The 14th Amendment became a foundation for future ? efforts, helping to combat ? laws, such as Black Codes

Reconstruction Acts

Series of laws that divided the South into 5 military districts and outlined the re-admission process for Confederate States

Constitutions, 14th, African Americans

The Reconstruction Acts forced Southern states to create new ?, ratify the ? Amendment, and extend voting rights to ? before they were re-admitted to the Union

enforced, resentment

The Reconstruction Acts ? changes brought by the Civil War

• fueled extreme ? in the South

15th Amendment

Ratified in 1870, prohibiting states from denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

• unfortunately did not extend to women

enfranchised, discrimination

The 15th Amendment ? a significant number of African American men

• helped combat ?

Scalawags

derogatory term used during Reconstruction to describe white Southerners who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party

Carpetbaggers

derogatory term used during Reconstruction to describe Northern migrants who moved to the South during Reconstruction for economic gain

hostilities, Reconstruction

Both Scalawags and Carpetbaggers faced ?, yet still contributed to ? efforts

• helped rebuild the South economically

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacist organization founded in Tennessee

• goal was to resist Reconstruction and reassert white dominance in the South

• used intimidation, violence, and terrorism

African Americans, rights

The Ku Klux Klan targeted ? primarily and prevented them from using their newfound ?

• also targeted

  • white Republicans

  • carpetbaggers

  • scalawags

Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson

First time an American president was ever impeached

• resulted from clashes in Congress (Radical Republicans) and Andrew Johnson

Tenure of Office Act

an act created by Congress to orchestrate Andrew Johnson’s impeachment

• didn’t allow the president to remove federal officials without Senate approval

  • baited Johnson into removing Edwin M. Stanton (Secretary of War) from office

    • Johnson really didn’t like this guy

one, weakened, federal government

The Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson was shockingly acquitted by ? vote

• Johnson’s presidency was, still, severely ?

• Represented the internal conflict within the ?