Emergency Care Final Review

What should you do if a person does not give consent for care?

Do not give care and call 9-1-1

What are the 3 emergency steps?

check - call - care

What types of scenarios would you call 9-1-1 for?

unrespensive, no breathing, life threatening bleeding

What would you look for when looking for signs of an emergency?

unusual appearance, behaviors, noises, odors

What should you do to help prevent disease transmission?

use PPE like gloves and breathing barriers and wash your hands

How long should you check for responsiveness and other life threatening conditions?

no more than 5 - 10 seconds

What does SAM stand for?

S = signs and symptoms

A = allergies

M = medications & medical conditions

How long should a rescue breath last?

1 second

What does one cycle of CPR consist of?

30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths

What is the depth and rate of chest compressions for an adult?

depth = at least 2 inches

rate = 100 - 120 compressions a minute

What is the depth and rate of chest compressions for a child?

depth = about 2 inches

rate = 100 - 120 compressions a minute

What is the depth and rate of chest compressions for an infant?

depth = about 1 1/2 inches

rate = 100 - 120 compressions a minute

What should you do if your first breath does not go in?

re-tilt the head and try your breath again

What is the correct hand postion when giving abdominal thrusts to a choking adult or child?

two hands in the middle of the abdomin just above the navel

What is the correct head position when giving breaths to an adult?

past neutral

What is the correct head postion when giving breaths to a child?

slightly past neutral

What is the correct head postion when giving rescue breaths to an infant?

neutral

What is the correct technique for chest thrusts on an infant that is choking?

two fingers in the center of the chest pressing down

What techniques can you use when giving chest compressions to a child?

Two hands or one hand on the center of the chest giving chest compressions.

What techniques can you use when performing chest compressions on an infant?

encircling thumb technique, two fingers technique, one hand technique

What is the recommended technique to use when giving chest compressions to an infant?

encircling thumb technique

How do you can for an unconscious person who is choking?

modified CPR

Should you perform CPR on someone who is unresponsive and not breathing normally. You hear gasping.

Yes

You should take no longer than how long switching from breaths to chest compressions during CPR?

10 seconds

What is different with CPR care for a suspected drowning victim?

you start by giving 2 breaths then begin CPR with chest compressions

What should you do if you are unable or unwilling to give CPR with breaths?

do compressions only CPR (hands only CPR) at a rate of 100 - 120 compressions per minute

Why should you pause between rescue breaths?

to allow the air to leave the lungs prior to giving your second breath

What is the appropriate technique when giving chest compression to an adult or child?

your shoulders should be directly over your hands and your elbows shoud be locked and your arms straight

What is the benefit of early CPR and early use of an AED?

It gives the victim the best chance of surviving.

After turning on the AED, what is the next step?

apply the pads to the victims chest so that the AED can analyze

What is the correct AED pad placement for an adult?

the upper right and lower left sides of the chest

If AED pads risk touching on a small child what should you do?

place one pad on the center of the chest and one pad on the center of the back

When is it appropriate to stop giving CPR?

You see obvious signs of life.

An AED becomes available.

The scene becomes unsafe.

You are too exhausted to continue.

EMS personnel arrive and take over.

An AED was already in use and prompts you to stop to analyze again.

What should you do if you are using an AED on a child or infant and pediatric pads are not available?

It is safe to use adult pads on a child or infant when pediatric pads are not available.

When there are two responders giving CPR and using an AED, when should the two responders switch their roles of giving CPR and using the AED?

After the AED shocks the victim or after the AED prompts that no shock is advised and that CPR should be continued.

When should you make sure no one is touching the victim when using an AED?

When the AED is analyzing and when the AED is delivering the shock.

What is the appropriate pad placement on an infant when using an AED?

one pad should go in the middle of the chest and the other pad should go in the middle of the back between the shoulder blades.

How do you care for a superficial thermal burn?

cool the area with cool running water for at least 10 minutes

What are some signs and symptoms of a concussion?

loss of consciousness

headache

nausea or vomitting

sensitivity to light or noise

What care should you give someone who is experiencing signs of a heart attack?

call 9-1-1

have them rest in a comfortable position

assist the person with taking aspirin

What care would you give for someone having a life threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to try to slow the effects and prevent them from going into shock?

administer epinephrine

When would you use a tourniquet for wound care?

if the person has severe, life threatening bleeding from the arm or leg

How should you care for someone who has severe life threatening bleeding on their leg?

Apply direct pressure directly on the wound with both hands until either the bleeding stops or a tourniquet becomes available.

How should you care for someone who you suspect has a head, neck or back injury?

call 9-1-1

keep the person in the position you found them

How should you care for someone who is having an asthma attack?

call 9-1-1

assist the person with their quick relief medication

If a person is choking and you cannot get your arms around their stomach or they are pregnant, what should you do instead of abdominal thrusts?

chest thrusts

If someone is experiencing an opioid overdose, what medication could help?

naloxone

How do you care for someone having a heat stroke?

call 9-1-1

get an AED and a first aid kit

immerse the person in cold water

Where can a tourniquet be applied?

arms and legs, NOT the neck or torso

How do you care for a conscious choking infant?

5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts

How do you determine if someone has life threatening bleeding?

by the volume and flow of the blood

Where should you place a tourniquet when using it to control life threatening bleeding on a limb?

2 to 3 inches above the wound but not on a joint

How would you change how you cared for a conscious choking child versus a conscious choking adult?

get on the child's level by kneeling down behind them