PRINCIPLES OF IMAGING P1

What are the four prime factors(exposure)

mA, kVp, Exposure time, SID

What are the 3 secondary factors

Focal spot size, Distance (OID, SOD), filtration

If it is adjusted, it will not affect the quality of the image but the quantity only

Mas

Number of X-rays

X-Ray quantity

It is the penetrabilith of X rays

X-ray Quality

It is a tube from the xray and it is the distance between the Xray tube and the IR

SID

It has radiation exposure and X ray Intensity and mAs

Xray Quantity

What are the units for Xray quantity

R, mR and mGya

This is for X ray quantity

⬆ mAs= ? Quantity = ⬆ IR exposure

⬆

Everything has to be? In mAs, Xray quantity, Ir exposure

Proportional

If taas imong IR ma unsa imohang optical density and blackening

Mu taas

If layo imohang object or IR ma unsa imohang intensity

Decrease

⬆ distance = ? Xray Quantity? And exposure? (QUANTITY)

⬇ ⬇

⬆ filtration = ? Xray = ? IR exposure (QUANTITY)

⬇⬇

It absorb and reduce the number of low energy X-rays while increasing the average energy of the X-ray beam

Filtration

What do you call the reduced number of low energy X-rays while increasing the average energy of the X-ray beam

Hardening

⬆ kvp = ? Xray = ? IR exposure (quantity)

⬆⬆

If duol imong xray ma unsa imong IR

Increase

What are Xray quality

Penetrability, kVp, easured in HVL, half value layer

It is the thickness of absorbing material necessary to reduce xray intensity to half of its original value

HVL

It is the best method for specifying xray quality

HVL

It is the ability of xrays to pass through tissue high quality xrays

Penetrability

⬆ ang penetrability ma unsa ang low quality x rays

⬇

⬆ kVp = ? X ray penetrability = ? Xray quality (X ray quality n sya)

⬆⬆

⬇ kvp = ? X ray penetrability = ? X-ray Quality (Quality)

⬇⬇

⬆mAs = ? X ray quality = ? X ray Quantity (quality)

⬇⬆

If high imong penetrability ma unsa imong Quality

High

⬆ kvp = ? Xray quality = ? IR exposure

⬆⬆

⬆ distance = ? xray quality = ? Quantity

⬇⬇

If taas imong distance ma unsa imong x ray quality and imohang Quantity

Decrease

⬆Filtration =? X ray Quality =? X ray Quantity

⬆⬇

It is the degree of blackening in the radiograph

Optical density

It determines the amount of light transmitted through a radiograph

Optical density

Optical density are controlled by 2 factors

mAs (primary), SID

Too much X ray reaches the IR

Over exposure

Too little x ray reaches the IR

Under exposure

⬆ IR exposure = ? Radiolucency =? Density

⬆⬆

This is a measure of electron flow per second . from cathode to anode of the Xray tube

Milliamperes (mA)

Approximately how many% change in Mas is required to produce a visible change in OD

30%

How many 10 change in KVp to produce a perceptible change in OD

4%

⬆ mAs= ? X ray exposure = ? Film Density

⬆⬆