Chapter 8- Industrial Psychology

industrial psychology

looking at how the workers adapt in the workplace

organizational psychology

looks at the management administrative side

engineering psychologhy

looks at the machinery and tools used in the workplace 

A. SIOP- the society of industrial organization psychologist

-   Look at SIOP slide for pros and cons

WL Bryan

published a book on how professional telegraphs send and receive morse code.

* first coined the term industrial psychology

* gave a presidential address to the APA

WL Bryan APA address

in that address he encouraged psychologists to study concert activities and functions that help in everyday life

*we need to find how people function in everyday life

 

Lillian Moller Gilbreth 

mother of modern management 

• wrote several books on management and owned business with her husband Frank. He dies and she manages the business by herself.

• Eventally lost the business because their was no man backing her. 

• Got a PHD degree and taught at Purdue 

Lillian Moller Gilbreth Backstory

She was only able to attend college but at home and had to keep up with all her chores. Was able to still excel. Went to the University of California in Berkley. First women to speak at university of California. She meets Frank Gilbreth (older man with no degree) and had 12 children. 12 Children wrote children by the dozen

walter dill scott

Gave a talk on the application of psychology to advertisement. No technique to advertising before hand.

• talked about imitation, brand competition and loyalty

Imitation and Brand Loyalty

-   Imitation- getting someone famous to promote products

-   Brand competion and loyalty, concentrating on target audience

Hugo Munstreburg(wundt’s student)

Founder of clinical psychology

Greatest Achievement: Psychology and industrial efficiency

• Personnel, who to hire, efficiency techniques(thinking of the details of something)

First person to have simulation

Hugo M. thought of the idea of spacing our worker’s time because

• Monotony- doing the same thing time after time

• Interest- finding work interesting

• Satisfaction and Rewards

Fredrick Taylor 

Background: Hier to steel company. But he wanted to learn all aspects of processing steel. Worked all levels of jobs to understand all aspects and what affected every worker. There was no machinery to help them   

Taylor’s key principles

1. Design for efficiency

-   What makes people more effiencent  

2. Trained workers and put them in the best methods(for the specific person)

-   One person went from moving 12.5 to 47 tons a day

-   Company cost went down

-   People investigated him, unjust labor. WW1 saved him

 

Changing Times- WW1

• War encourages inventions, leads to advancement

•   Psychology became influencal

• Journal of Applied Psychology(1917)

-   Many articles were about the war efforts

• Army was skeptical, hired many people with many skill sets(who goes where)?

between the wars

  20s- first doctoral degrees in industrial psychology

Hawthrone Studies

• Factory that employed women who stranded on their feet all day

-   Pulled women from floor and studied them. Changed things in the environment to studied womens productivity

In the Hawthorne studies Womens productivity increased upstairs did better on the floor. Why?

change in behavior because someone cared

Elton Maya 

human relations movement, based on Hawthorne’s Studies

• Lets treat workers like Human beings

 

walter Brigham

·      Created army general classification test

·      Created jobs for the military and wehre they are going to fit

Kurt Lewin

·      Formed research center for Group Dynamics

peter drucker

management by objectives approach

flanigan 

Critical Incidents technique- focus on whats the most important

contigency models of leadership

different styles of leadership for different circumstances

1964: Vroom’s VIE theory-provided motivation in the workforce

-   Valance- what’s important to them?

-   Expectancy- whether the worker expects to get the reward promised to them

-   Instrumentality- do the workers have the skill set or capability to do what’s asked of them?

 

need for achievement theory 

  People have this personality trait(for acheivement) to different degrees

civil rights act

  Proving that placing someone in somewhere without biases

• come back and fix wording

Japanese Model

·      Trying to copy Japan because they had great workforce

·      Cultural differences