unit five: box notes 13-29

declaration of independence

inspired by the philosophies of John Locke

tennis court oath

a promise to write a new constitution for France

bastille

a prision that was stormed on July 14th 1789

declaration of rights of man

as protests occured throughout France, the National Assembly wrote the _____ as a response

liberty, equality, fraternity

the slogan for the declaration of rights of man

constitution of 1791

Written by the National Assembly over the course of two years

• France’s new government was moderate - it set up a limited monarchy and a representative one-house (unicameral) assembly

moderate

what france’s new government was

limited monarchy

because france’s new government was moderate it set up for this

unicameral

representative one-house assembly

divine right

many did not trust the king because he began as a ____ ruler

republic

The radical Jacobin party led by Maximilien Robespierre gained control and turned France into a _____

regicide

the execution of the king and queen

reign of terror

started by Robespierre to save the revolution from invasion

• Many people executed to keep people in line with Robespierre’s idea of the revolution

directory

power shifted back to a moderate

coup d ‘etat

the overthrowing of a government

first consul

what Napoleon declared himself as in 1799

social reforms

Napoleon tried to include the _____ of the French Revolution during his reign

continental system

a system of European self-sufficiency to defeat England, which Napoleon tried to use but failed

napoleonic code

• Law code that included many Enlightenment ideas

• Promoted social equality

• Religious toleration

• Trial by jury

nationalism

• People in conquered territories looked at Napoleon and his army as foreign oppressors

• People across Europe revolted against French rule

invasion of russia

Napoleon invaded from the west and the Russians retreated to the east, during the Winter of 1812.

• Russian scorched earth policy: burning crops and villages as they retreated, left French troops hungry and cold

alliance

developed between Russia, Britain, Austria and Prussia in order to defeat Napoleon

john locke

The philosophies of ___ formed the intellectual basis for going to war with Britain in 1775 and the writing of the Declaration of Independence

louis XVI

(of France) was one of the most powerful monarchs in Western Europe

estates general

was a government body where all three Estates were represented

• Nobles refused to pay taxes unless the King Louis XVI summoned an _______

third estate

Each Estate had one vote, regardless of population, which the 3rd Estate saw this as unfair

• Eventually, the representatives of the 3rd Estate left the meeting in protest

national assembly

the representatives of the third (3rd) estate declared themselves this on June 20th 1789

• Was an elected body

• Wanted fair taxes and fair representation

• Was a moderate organization that only wanted to limit the power of the king

radial and reactionary

(both extreme sides of the political spectrum) were unhappy with the constitution of 1791

robespierre

led the radical Jacobin party, who eventually gained control and turned France into a Republic.

• started a reign of terror to save the revolution from invasion

• led the committee of public safety

committee of public safety

• Given broad legislative, executive, and judicial powers, was led by Maximilien Robespierre

• Robespierre started a “Reign of Terror” to save the revolution from invasion

• Many people executed to keep people in line with Robespierre’s idea of the revolution

napoleon bonaparte

a brilliant, successful general was among those who participated in the coup d’etat (government overthrow) that brought this period to an end.

• was the child of minor nobility, going to military school in France.

• People of France supported Napoleon because they hoped he would bring stability to the region

• In 1799 Napoleon declared himself “First Consul” (dictator)

• In 1803 Napoleon crowned himself emperor of France.

• By 1805 he had defeated all European powers except England

• From 1804-1814 Napoleon ruled much of Europe

• This was a period of constant warfare