Middle Ages in Western Europe History Test

Urals

A mountain range that separated European Russia from Asian Russia

Vikings

Early Russians

Manorialism

Economic structure in which surfs provided food in exchange for protection form the landlord

Feudalism

System of protection based on land, loyalty, and a rigid class structure---developed due to a lack of gov't

Manor

Area of land controlled by a single landlord

-manor house

-divided into fiefs

-had a church

Worked through system of manorialism, feudal contracts, and chivalry

Chivalry

Code of ethics which vassels and land lords used

Feudal Contract

Rules between lord and his vassel (lesser lord)

Mold Board

New Iron Plow

Three Field System

2 sections of the field would be planted and the third section left to replenish it's nutrients, the sections of field planted would rotate so that each section gets a chance to replenish nutrients

Sacraments

Sacred rites needed for salvation

Excommunication

To be kicked out of the Church

St. Benedict

a monk who served as an example with his famous rules

Charlemagne

means Charles the Great and he established an empire in France and Germany, crowned emperor of the Romans and crated uniform law code based on Frankish law, helped to spread education and Christianity....After his death the empire fell apart

William the Conqueror

Known for Battle of Hastings

-conquered England and united the kingdoms

-formed a tax department (Exchequer)

-Domesday book

-mixed English and French culture

Domesday Book

a survey of England's land, resources, and people

(like a census)

Henry II

Second ruler of England: created a jury system and common law

John

Signed the Magna Carta

Magna Carta

a document that limited the power of the English King

-no taxation w/ out representation

-limited the power of the monarch

-king must obey the law

-no unlawful imprisonment

Edward

Known for creating Parliament: representative body that makes the laws

Abelard

wrote a book called Yes and No which combined rational thinking and logic with religion

Roger Bacon

helped with expanding optics from Middle East

Clairvaux

Place where Bernard said Faith alone...reason is dangerous

Aquinas

Summas...tried to prove existence of God using logic

Capitalism

economic system in which private owners control businesses

Guilds

organizations that controlled trade: set prices, limited membership

Hundred Years War

fought between France and England over English owned territories in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states

Joan of Arc

St. Joan of Arc is a national heroine of France. She was a peasant girl who, believing that she was acting under divine guidance, led the French army in a momentous victory at Orléans in 1429 that repulsed an English attempt to conquer France during the Hundred Years' War

Black Death

disease killed 1/3 of Europe's population

Scholasticism

combining Christian faith with rational philosophy

Gothic

relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe: flying buttresses, stain glass window, gargoyls, spires, etc..

3 Political Functions of the Church

1.) collected taxes

2.) punished criminals

3.) set up schools

(also: coined money, created law, helped reduce fighting by periods of peace)

3 Features of Charlemagne's Rule

1.) Established an empire in France and Germany

2.) Created a uniform law code based on Frankish law

3.) Spread Christianity

3 Features of Medieval Art and Literature

1.) focused on religion

2.) lacked 3D or being realistic

3.) Little painting

3 Results of the Growth of Trade in Western Europe

1.) Growth of towns

2.) Growth of capitalism

3.) Commercial alliances

Characteristics of Middle Ages in Europe

Growth of trade, art and lit focused very little but focused on religion, went from feudalism to countries, Church leads, disputes over eastern and western religion....basically everything IG this is a very broad topic everything else in the quizlet should cover it I'm sure lemme know otherwise and I will edit

Characteristics of Medieval Universities

Theologians were teachers and scholars, people were eager to learn, jobs weren't always the outcome, ideas form the Middle East: taught optics, middle class started to be educated

Educated Classes in Early Middle Ages

High

Educated Classes in Later Middle Ages

Middle

Difference Between a Feudal King and National Monarchy

In Absolute Monarchy, all the power of the state is concentrated in the monarch and exercised by ministers of his or her choosing...in a Feudal Monarchy power is shared between the monarch and the nobles

New Technologies of the Middle Ages

Mold board, new horse collar, 3 field system.....the long bow and gun powder

How National Monarchies Developed

The Crusades caused the decline of feudalism of trade and weak Byzantine empire= feudalism dissipating, conquests for more land in Byzantine, economic flourishing

Crusades

military expeditions fought to get the holy land back from the Muslims

Results of Crusades

Failed militarily: Christians didn't win, Byzantine Empire was weakend, growth of trade into Western Europe, Decline of Feudalism

Problems of the Catholic Church

Christian debate over faith v.s. logic, disputes over practices between east and west, pope was corrupt/greedy, excommunication was rampant.....Anything else? plz lemme know

Difference Between Early and Later Religious Scholars

Early scholars preferred to go by the book while later ones preferred to expand on the book and incorporate new traditions and philosophies and sciences like in the Christian Debate

How Christianity Mixed with the Pagans of Western Europe

Christians adopted local pagan customs

The Holy Roman Empire

decentralized political entity in Medieval Europe founded on Christianity, feudal system, election of an emperor and limited imperial power

Location of the Holy Roman Empire

Central Europe: Germany, Austria, parts of Italy, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Czech Republic, Switzerland

First Development of Trade: Location

Italy, Belgium, Northern France

First Development of Trade: Results

Cultural diffusion, economic growth and urbanization, wealth accumulation, trade routes established