Mendelian genetics

P generation

parental generation in a genetic cross

F1 generation

first filial generation, the hybrid offspring in a genetic cross

Hybrid

progeny resulting from a cross of parents with different genotypes

Dominant

determines phenotype in heterozygous individuals

Recessive

Donly shows up in homozygous, masked by dominant in heterozygous

what is the typical ratio of dominant to recessive

3-1

Diploid

organism that carry two copies of each gene

Haploid

only one allele of each gene

Phenotype

overservable characteristics

heterozygous

having two different alleles for a gene

homozygous

having two identical copies of an allele for a gene

geneotype

alleles contained in an organism

allele

form of a gene at specfic locus

punnet square

a way of displaying genes involved in a cross

law of segregation

equal and independent serration of alleles during formation of gamete cells - 1st law

law of independent assortment

different genes assort into gametes independently of one another - 2nd law

incomplete dominance

alleles at a specific locus are neither dominant or recessive, and the progeny expresses a phenotype in-between the two parents

codominance

two alleles of gene produce distinct functional products, neither of which is dominant to the other

allelic exlcusion

llinked genes

genes that are close together on a chromosomes and the alleles of which assort together during meiosis - contradict medals second law

homologues chromosomes

in diploids, a pair of chromosomes one inherited from each parent - called homologs

sister chromatids

2 identical copies of the same chromosome