basic atomic structure

recognize basic atomic structure

atom

smallest unit of matter

how many elements are arranged in the periodic table

118

3 subatomic particles of atoms

• protons

• neutrons

• electrons

what charge does a proton have

positive charge

what charge does a neutron have

no electric charge

what charge does an electron have

negative charge

how do atoms undergo chemical reactions

by gaining or losing electrons to achieve stability

what do atoms lose, gain, or share electrons to make

a variety of chemical bonds

structure of an atom

a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons

what surrounds the nucleus in an atom

electrons

what are electrons held in

energy levels (shells)

isotopes

atoms of the same element that have the same protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons

what determines the atomic mass of an atom

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

what determines the atomic number of an atom

the number of protons in the nucleus

what determines if an atom is considered a neutral atom

same number of protons and neutrons

ion

atoms with a positive or negative charge

does an atom become a positively or negatively charged atom after losing an electron

positively charged atom (cation)

does an atom become a positively or negatively charged atom after gaining and electron

negatively charged electron (anion)

how does the periodic table arrange atoms from left to right

by increasing atomic number (# of protons)

how do you identify the number of electrons and protons

refer to the integer shown with the element

what is the atomic mass shown on the periodic table determined by

the percentage of each isotope found in nature for that atom

group

column of elements with similar properties

what is the grouoing of atoms determined by

elements that have the same number of valence (bonding) electrons

period

rows in the periodic table

what do periods indicate

the outermost shell of an atom

how many electrons can an s orbital hold

2

which 2 elements are only able to hold 2 electrons

hydrogen and helium

how many electrons can a p orbital hold

6

how many electrons can a d orbital hold

10

how many electrons can an f orbital hold

14

when are atoms the most stable

when they have a full valence shell

which type of gases have full valance shells

noble/inert gases

when do atoms typically gain electrons

when there are greater than 4 valences (usually nonmetals)

when do atoms typically lose electrons

when there are less than 4 valences (metals)

what is the bond between 2 oppositely charged ions called

ionic bond

what is a substance made of 2 or more elements called

compound

what is a chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms

covalent bond