International response to apartheid

Essay structure (of an international responses essay)

Intro

1. Cultural, sport and academic boycotts were effective resistance

2. Resistance to apartheid through antagonising NP while supporting ANC

3. Resistance through direct economic boycotts

Outro

Structure of: Cultural, sport and academic boycotts were effective resistance (of an international responses essay)

1. List Cultural boycotts

2. Mention the dissatisfaction it caused

3. List Sports boycotts

4. Mention the dissatisfaction it caused

5. List Academic boycotts

6. Mention the dissatisfaction it caused

7. Point: Link dissatisfactions with implication of apartheid

Structure of: Resistance to apartheid through antagonising NP while supporting ANC (of an international responses essay)

1. Discuss how anti apartheid movements put pressure on National party

2. Discuss how release Mandela campaign put pressure on National party

3. Discuss how funding strengthened ANC

4. Discuss how Frontline states strengthened ANC

5. Link Pressure on national party (Proven), support for ANC (Proven), ANC overseas stats and total onslaught

6. Point: External resistance successfully resisted apartheid by antagonising the national party and supporting their opposition

Structure of: Resistance through direct economic boycotts (of an international responses essay)

1. Mention SADCC

2. Mention EU economic pressure

3. Mention International economic pressure

4. Mention US economic pressure

5. SA was under a lot of economic pressure

6. Mention evidence of effect of economic pressure as resistance

7. Point: External economic was successful in challenging apartheid by destroying it’s economy

List Cultural boycotts (of an international responses essay)

List Sports boycotts (of an international responses essay)

List Academic boycotts

How anti apartheid movements put pressure on National party

How release Mandela campaign put pressure on National party

How funding strengthened ANC

How Frontline states strengthened ANC

How to go from evidence to conclusion in paragraph about political pressure (of an international responses essay)

Link Pressure on national party (Proven), support for ANC (Proven), ANC overseas representative stats, OAU secures SA's expulsion from WHO, ILO, International Olympic Movement, US congress calling for Mandela’s release and total onslaught as evidence

Point: External resistance successfully resisted apartheid by antagonising the national party and supporting their opposition

WHere was the UN and OAU recognised government of south africa?

Zambia, with OR Tambo as the leader

EU Economic pressure

International economic pressure

• Barclays bank sold off it’s SA holdings

• UN oil embargo: Special Committee Against Apartheid

US economic pressure

Evidence of economic damage to South Africa due to external pressures

AAM

Anti Apartheid movement

IAAM

Irish Anti Apartheid movement

IDAF

International Defense and aid fund - established in 1956 by Canon L John Collins to provide legal defense and financial aid to victims of apartheid laws in South Africa

MK

uMkhonto weSizwe

UN

United nations

OAU

Organisation of African Unity-intergovernmental organization established in 1963 that served as the primary continental platform for opposing apartheid in South Africa.

ILO

International Labour Organization - a primary international body that challenged apartheid through labor standards, ultimately leading to South Africa's withdrawal from the organization in 1964.

SADCC

Southern African Development Coordination Conference - an alliance of nine majority-ruled Southern African nations established in 1980 to reduce economic dependence on apartheid South Africa and support the region's political liberation struggles.