3 Pain Management Approaches & Medications

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13 Terms

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Complementary Pain Therapies
Acupuncture, massage, distraction, guided imagery, herbal therapies, reiki, aromatherapy
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Multi-Modal Pain Approach
Intentionally and simultaneously combines medications and non-pharmacological interventions
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Pain Medication Routes
Oral, IV, rectal, topical, transdermal, neuroaxial (epidural), peripheral nerve block, patient-controlled (PCA)
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Dose Timing Options
Around-the-clock (ATC) or As needed (PRN)
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PCA Definition
Patient-Controlled Analgesia; IV administration system where patient initiates small opioid dose by pressing button; includes lockout period and dosing controls
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Morphine (Opioid) - Why
Suppresses pain; used for anesthesia
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Morphine (Opioid) - MOA
Acts on opioid receptors in CNS; causes euphoria and sedation
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Opioid Adverse Effects
Respiratory depression (body less responsive to CO2), increased risk with respiratory disorders, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, constipation
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Naloxone (Opioid Antagonist) - Why
Reverses effects of opioids
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Naloxone (Opioid Antagonist) - MOA
Strongly binds to opioid receptors but does not activate them
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Naloxone Adverse Effects
Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, BP changes
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Naloxone Half-Life
30 minutes to 1 hour
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Naloxone Routes
IM, IV, Intranasal