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Whigs

Political faction that believed in a contract between Crown and subject, supporting Parliament as a check on the Crown.

Tories

Political faction that believed in Divine Right, advocating passive obedience and non-resistance to the monarch.

The Glorious Revolution

Event exacerbating differences between Whigs and Tories, leading to the deposition of James II by the Whigs.

The Licensing Act

Legislation lapsing in 1695, marking the end of Church and State censorship, allowing independent political journalism to flourish.

The Act of Settlement

1701 act advocating the Crown passing to a Protestant, ensuring the succession to Sophia of Hanover.

The Whig Junto

Group of moderates supporting William's war with France, coordinating activities and holding daily meetings during parliamentary sessions.

The Triennial Act

Legislation in 1694 stating that a Parliament could not last longer than three years, ensuring more frequent general elections.

The Oath of Association

1696 oath insisting on acknowledging William and Mary as rightful monarchs, with some Tories refusing to take it.

The Nine Years' War

Conflict with France from 1689, where Whigs supported a full war effort while Tories favored a limited naval war.

The Act of Resumption

1699 act illegalizing excessive grants of Irish land to William's loyal courtiers, diminishing Whig power.