Time Period 8 - Part 2

House Un-American Activities Committee

(HUAC) committee formed in the House of Representatives investigate radical groups in the United States; it later came to focus on the threat of communism in the United States during World War II and the Cold War

Black Panthers

A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.

Mahatma Gandhi

Leader of the peaceful civil disobedience movement in India

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

students whose purpose was coordinate a nonviolent attack on segregation and other forms of racism

Simone de Beauvoir

French author of "The Second Sex." She argued for women's rights and was also a prominent figure in the existentialist movement. She died in 1986.

Hollywood 10

Screenwriters and film directors who refused to answer questions about their political beliefs and were blacklisted.

Cesar Chavez

Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers.

military-industrial complex

Eisenhower first coined this phrase when he warned American against it in his last State of the Union Address. He feared that the combined lobbying efforts of the armed services would lead to excessive Congressional spending.

Postmodernism

Post-World War II intellectual movement and cultural attitude focusing on cultural pluralism and release from the confines and ideology of Western high culture.

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Berkeley Free Speech Movement

1964-1965 students insisted that the university administration lift a ban on on-campus political activities and acknowledge the students right to free speech and academic freedom. campus uprising started here

Civil Rights Movement

movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens

Earl Warren

Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes.

Little Rock Nine

A group of students who were enrolled in a white high school on the basis of being black. Eisenhower sent 101st Airborne to protect students from protesters.

Loving v. Virginia

1967 court case that declared all laws against interracial marriage unconstitutional

Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

Alfred Kinsey

his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodology & findings)

Mass Civil Disobedience

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.

Washington DC and Selma

momentous civil rights marches from the 1960s in the US capital and Alabama.

Malcolm X

1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street orator and recruiter; his beliefs were the basis of a lot of the Black Power movement

Black Power Movement

African American movement that focused on gaining control of economic and political power to achieve equal rights by force in necessary.

Emmett Till

14 year old born in Chicago who went to Mississippi for summer break and was brutally murdered after being kidnapped, kick starts civil rights movement, those tried found not guilty and not held accountable (admitted to it years later)

Birth Control Pill

became widely available and gave people more freedom in their sexual behavior. Became acceptable in 1960s.

Sun Belt Region

A region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest that was dominated by Republicans in the mid 20th Century

Second Wave Feminism

Women's rights movement that revived in the 1960s with a different agenda than earlier women's suffrage movements; second-wave feminists demanded equal rights for women in employment and education, women's right to control their own bodies, and the end of patriarchal domination.

Betty Friedan

1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique".

GI Bill of Rights

Law Passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education.

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

law that changed the national quota system to limits of 170,000 immigrants per year from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 per year from the Western Hemisphere

Suburbs 1950's

Huge migration from the city to the suburbs; middle class white families; social conformity; cookie cutter neighborhoods; pursuing the American dream.

Civil Rights Acts 1960's

Equal Pay Act - 1963 law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work

Civil Rights Act(s) - Passed by Congress, it set up a permanent Civil Rights Commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal injunctions to protect voting rights.

Voting Rights Act - a policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination.

Joseph McCarthy

1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Civil Rights Acts

Passed by Congress, it set up a permanent Civil Rights Commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal injunctions to protect voting rights.