APUSH Chapter 34,35,36 (New Deal and WWII) Multiple Choice

The fundamental strategic decision of World War II made by President Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was to

a. plan for a second front in Western Europe as soon as possible.

b. force Italy out of the war first by attacking the soft underbelly of Europe.

c. arouse the American people to an idealistic crusade of the same sort that Woodrow Wilson had so effectively used in World War I.

d. concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war against Japan on the back burner.

e. fight an equally vigorous naval war against Japan and a land war against Germany and Italy.

D

Once at war, America's first great challenge was to

a. pass a conscription law.

b. raise an army and navy.

c. extend aid to the Soviet Union.

d. develop atomic weapons.

e. retool its industry for all-out war production.

E. retool its industry for all-out war production.

In sharp contrast to World War I, during World War II, the United States was

a. ready to use conscription if necessary to raise an army.

b. forced to sacrifice civilian economic well-being for the military effort.

c. weakened by constant isolationist criticism of the war effort.

d. nearly unanimous in support of the war.

e. actually invaded by enemy forces.

D

Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II

a. were further assimilated into American society.

b. were not allowed to serve in the military.

c. had their patriotism questioned as in World War I.

d. cast their vote for Republican candidates opposed to the war.

e. served in ethnically distinct military units.

A) were further assimilated into American society.

After the United States entered World War II in 1941, the term "enemy aliens" referred to

a. Japanese living in the U.S.

b. Italians living in the U.S.

c. Germans living in the U.S.

d. All of these

e. None of these

D

All of the following are true statements about the effect of Executive Order No. 9066 on Japanese living in the U.S. except

a. they were put in internment camps.

b. they were victims of anti-Japanese prejudice.

c. they lost hundreds of millions of dollars in property and lost wages.

d. The U.S. Supreme Court declared the Japanese relocation unconstitutional.

e. The U.S. government officially apologized four decades later and gave each camp survivor $20,000.

D. The U.S. Supreme Court declared the Japanese relocation unconstitutional.

Despite the demands of the wartime economy, inflation was kept well in check during the war by

a. directing production to whatever goods were in most demand.

b. prosecuting war profiteers and black marketers who tried to earn windfall profits.

c. permitting large numbers of illegal migrants to enter the work force.

d. sharply constricting the flow of credit from the Federal Reserve Board.

e. federally imposed wage and price controls.

E

When the United States entered World War II in December 1941

a. it took nearly two years for the country to unite.

b. the conflict soon became an idealistic crusade for democracy.

c. the government repudiated the Atlantic Charter.

d. a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about.

e. the idea of allying with the Communist Soviet Union was repugnant.

D

African Americans did all of the following during World War II except

a. fight in integrated combat units.

b. rally behind the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and racism at home).

c. move north and west in large numbers.

d. form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality.

e. serve in the Army Air Corps.

A

The greatest consequence of World War II for American race relations was

a. the tensions in wartime factories between blacks and whites.

b. the integration of the armed forces.

c. African Americans' experience of more positive European racial attitudes.

d. the massive migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern and western cities.

e. the Atlantic Charter declaring that the war was being fought for democracy and freedom.

D. the massive migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern and western cities.

During World War II, most Americans economically experienced

a. serious hardships due to rationing of essential goods.

b. prosperity and a doubling of personal income.

c. a continuing struggle to find employment.

d. growing class conflict between the wealthy and the working class.

e. prosperity in the cities but disastrous conditions on farms and in small towns.

B. prosperity and a doubling of personal income.

During World War II, American Indians

a. demanded that President Roosevelt end discrimination in defense industries.

b. rarely enlisted in the armed forces.

c. moved south to replace African American laborers.

d. moved off reservations in large numbers.

e. promoted recovery of tribal languages.

D

Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through

a. tariff collections.

b. excise taxes on luxury goods.

c. raising income taxes.

d. voluntary contributions.

e. borrowing.

E. borrowing

The first naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of

a. Leyte Gulf.

b. the Java Sea.

c. the Coral Sea.

d. Midway.

e. Iwo Jima.

C

The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of

a. Leyte Gulf.

b. Bataan and Corregidor.

c. the Coral Sea.

d. Midway.

e. Guadalcanal.

D. Midway.

In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a strategy of

a. heavy bombing from Chinese air bases.

b. invading Japanese strongholds in Southeast Asia.

c. fortifying China by transporting supplies from India over the Himalayan hump.

d. island hopping across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds.

e. turning the Japanese flanks in New Guinea and Alaska.

D. island hopping across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds.

The American conquest of ____ in 1944 was especially critical, because from there, U.S. aircraft could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home islands.

a. Guadalcanal

b. Wake Island

c. New Guinea

d. Okinawa

e. Guam

E

Until spring 1943, perhaps Hitler's greatest opportunities of defeating Britain and winning the war was

a. the possibility of a successful invasion across the English Channel.

b. that German U-boat would destroy Allied shipping.

c. the defeatism of pro-fascist elements within upper-class British society.

d. that General Rommel would conquer Egypt and the Suez Canal.

e. that the American-British-Soviet alliance would collapse.

B. that German U-boat would destroy Allied shipping.

Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of ____, after which his fortunes gradually declined.

a. the Bulge

b. Stalingrad

c. Monte Cassino

d. Britain

e. El Alamein

B) Stalingrad

The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because

a. they wanted to wait until Germany and the Soviet Union had badly bloodied each other.

b. men and material were needed more urgently in the Pacific.

c. the Soviet Union requested a delay until they could coordinate attacks on the eastern and western fronts.

d. they believed that North Africa was more strategically vital.

e. the British were fearful of becoming bogged down in a ground war in France.

E) the British were fearful of becoming bogged down in a ground war in France.

Roosevelt's and Churchill's insistence on the absolute and "unconditional surrender" of Germany

a. guaranteed that Germany would have to be totally reconstructed after the war.

b. clearly shortened the war.

c. was largely unacceptable to the Soviets, who hoped to encourage a communist revolution inside Germany.

d. may have prevented a "separate peace" between Hitler and Stalin.

e. encouraged anti-Hitler resisters in Germany to try to overthrow the Nazis.

A

President Roosevelt's promise to the Soviets to open a second front in Western Europe by the end of 1942

a. was fulfilled by the invasion of North Africa.

b. was made to deceive Stalin and encourage him to slow his army's movement into Eastern Europe.

c. was strongly supported by Churchill and British military leaders.

d. proved utterly impossible to keep.

e. represented the key goal to which all early American military efforts were directed.

D

Arrange these wartime conferences in chronological order: (A) Potsdam, (B) Casablanca, and (C) Teheran.

a. A, B, C

b. C, B, A

c. B, C, A

d. B, A, C

e. A, C, B

C. B, C, A

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) V-J Day, (B) V-E Day, (C) D Day, and (D) Invasion of Italy.

a. D, C, B, A

b. A, C, B, D

c. B, D, A, C

d. C, A, D, B

e. A, D, B, C

A

The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was

a. a modification of the demand for unconditional surrender of Italy.

b. the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional surrender.

c. the swift Allied conquest of the Italian peninsula.

d. a conflict between Churchill and General Eisenhower over the invasion of the Italian mainland.

e. the threat of a Communist takeover of the Italian government.

B

After the Italian surrender in August 1943, the

a. Allies found it easy to conquer Rome and the rest of Italy.

b. Soviets accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing the second front in Italy.

c. British demanded the restoration of the monarchy in Italy.

d. Americans withdrew from Italy to prepare for D-Day.

e. German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance.

E. German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance.

The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it

a. delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe.

b. prevented the rise of fascism or communism in Italy after the war.

c. enabled the Americans to appease both British and Soviet strategic demands.

d. enabled the United States to prevent Austria and Greece from falling into Soviet hands.

e. destroyed the monastery of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic treasures.

A. delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe.

At the wartime Tehran Conference

a. the Soviet Union agreed to declare war on Japan within three months.

b. the Big Three allies agreed to divide postwar Germany into separate occupied zones.

c. the Soviet Union agreed to allow free elections in Eastern European nations that its armies occupied at the end of the war.

d. plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe.

e. it was agreed that five Big Powers would have veto power in the United Nations.

D) plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe.

The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by General

a. George Patton.

b. Dwight Eisenhower.

c. Douglas MacArthur.

d. Bernard Montgomery.

e. Omar Bradley.

B) Dwight Eisenhower.

In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at the Democratic Convention in 1944 because

a. so much attention was focused on who would gain the vice presidency.

b. he remained in Washington, D.C., to conduct the war.

c. poor health prevented him from taking an active role.

d. the issue of a fourth term was prominent.

e. Vice President Henry Wallace controlled the convention.

A. so much attention was focused on who would gain the vice presidency.

The most significant development in the Democratic convention of 1944 was that

a. Roosevelt's third-term vice president, Henry Wallace, was dumped in favor of Senator Harry Truman.

b. Roosevelt's appearance at the convention revealed how physically frail he was.

c. party leaders developed a campaign that downplayed the New Deal's success.

d. there was growing resistance to Roosevelt's pursuit of a fourth term.

e. the issue of civil rights came to the fore as the dominant concern of the party.

A

Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1944 primarily because

a. Republican Thomas E. Dewey favored an international organization for world peace.

b. labor unions turned out for Roosevelt.

c. Harry Truman was his running mate.

d. questions arose regarding Thomas E. Dewey's honesty.

e. the war was going well.

E. the war was going well.

Hitler's last-ditch attempt to achieve a victory against the Americans and British came in

a. the Battle of the Bulge.

b. the Battle of the Rhineland.

c. the attempt to assassinate Churchill and Roosevelt.

d. an attempt to arrange a negotiated peace with Stalin.

e. the final U-boat campaign against the American navy.

A

As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf

a. Japan stalled an Allied victory.

b. Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey lost his first naval engagement.

c. Japan was nearly able to take Australia.

d. the United States could bomb Japan from land bases.

e. Japan was finished as a naval power.

E

The Potsdam conference

a. determined the fate of Eastern Europe.

b. brought France and China in as part of the Big Five.

c. concluded that the Soviet Union would enter the war in the Pacific.

d. was Franklin Roosevelt's last meeting with Churchill and Stalin.

e. issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed.

E

The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief that

a. a nuclear weapon was the only way to win the war.

b. the Germans might acquire such a weapon first.

c. the Japanese were at work on an atomic bomb project of their own.

d. scientists like Albert Einstein might be lost to the war effort.

e. the American public would not tolerate the casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan.

B. the Germans might acquire such a weapon first.

The unconditional surrender policy toward Japan was finally modified by

a. assuring the Japanese that there would be no war crimes trials.

b. guaranteeing that defeated Japan would be treated decently by American occupiers.

c. agreeing not to drop more than two atomic bombs on Japan.

d. agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne.

e. permitting the Japanese to retain a strong army but no real navy.

D. agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne.

37. Franklin Roosevelt's ____________ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will.

a. education

b. domestic conflicts with Eleanor Roosevelt

c. family ties with Teddy Roosevelt

d. affliction with infantile paralysis

e. service in World War I

d. affliction with infantile paralysis

c

38. The "champion of the dispossessed"—that is, the poor and minorities—in the 1930s was

a. Harold Ickes.

b. Alfred E. Smith.

c. Eleanor Roosevelt.

d. Frances Perkins.

e. Harry Hopkins.

39. The 1932 Democratic party platform on which Franklin Roosevelt ran for the presidency called for

a. repeal of prohibition.

b. deficit spending.

c. higher tariffs.

d. adherence to the gold standard.

e. breaking up monopolistic corporations.

a. repeal of prohibition.

40. In 1932 Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by

a. nationalizing all banks and major industries.

b. mobilizing America's youth as in wartime.

c. returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism.

d. continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover.

e. experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.

e. experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.

41. The phrase "Hundred Days" refers to

a. the worst months of the Great Depression.

b. the time it took for Congress to begin acting on President Roosevelt's plans for combating the Great Depression.

c. the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency.

d. the "lame-duck" period between Franklin Roosevelt's election and his inauguration.

e. the time that all banks were closed by FDR.

c. the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency.

42. One striking feature of the 1932 presidential election was that

a. the South had shifted to the Republican party.

b. Democrats made gains in the normally Republican Midwest.

c. urban Americans finally cast more votes than rural Americans.

d. women played a less active role in the campaign than before.

e. African-Americans became a vital element in the Democratic party.

e. African-Americans became a vital element in the Democratic party.

43. While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to cooperate on long-term solutions to the Depression because

a. he and Roosevelt had similar ideas on programs to combat the hard times.

b. the Hawley-Smoot Tariff was up for immediate renewal.

c. he hoped to bind his successor to an anti-inflationary policy that would make much of the New Deal impossible.

d. he wanted to show how willing he was to cooperate with the political opposition.

e. he hoped to avoid historical blame for failing to address the Depression.

c. he hoped to bind his successor to an anti-inflationary policy that would make much of the New Deal impossible.

44. When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933,

a. Congress refused to grant him any legislative authority.

b. he knew exactly what he wanted to do.

c. he received unprecedented congressional support.

d. he wanted to make as few mistakes as possible.

e. he at first proceeded cautiously.

c. he received unprecedented congressional support.

45. The Works Progress Administration was a major program of

the New Deal; the Public Works Administration was a long-range

program; and the Social Security Act was a major program.

a. relief; recovery; reform

b. reform; recovery; relief

c. recovery; relief; reform

d. relief; reform; recovery

e. reform; relief; recovery

a. relief; recovery; reform

46. The Glass-Steagall Act

a. took the United States off the gold standard.

b. empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily.

c. created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange.

d. permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall Street financial dealings.

e. created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.

e. created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.

47. The most pressing problem facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president was

a. a chaotic banking situation.

b. the national debt.

c. the need to silence demagogic rabble-rousers such as Huey Long.

d. unemployment.

e. the farm crisis.

d. unemployment.

48. Franklin Roosevelt's "managed currency" aimed to

a. stimulate inflation.

b. reduce the price of gold.

c. restore confidence in banks.

d. reduce the amount of money in circulation.

e. shake up the Federal Reserve Board.

a. stimulate inflation.

49. The ________was probably the most popular New Deal program; the_______was one of the most complex; and the

_________was the most radical.

a. Works Progress Administration; Agricultural Adjustment Act; Civilian Conservation Corps

b. Agricultural Adjustment Act; Public Works Administration; Tennessee Valley Authority

c. National Recovery Act; Tennessee Valley Authority; Social Security Act

d. Civilian Conservation Corps; National Recovery Act; Tennessee Valley Authority

e. Social Security Act; Civilian Conservation Corps; Works Progress Administration

d. Civilian Conservation Corps; National Recovery Act; Tennessee Valley Authority

50. President Roosevelt's chief "administrator of relief" was

a. George Norris.

b. John L. Lewis.

c. Mary McLeod Bethune.

d. Harold Ickes.

e. Harry Hopkins.

e. Harry Hopkins.

51. Match each New Deal critic below with the "cause" or slogan that he

promoted.

A. Father Coughlin 1. "social justice"

B. Huey Long 2. "every man a king"

C. Francis Townsend 3. "a holy crusade for liberty"

D. Herbert Hoover 4. old-age pensions

a. A-l, B-2, C-4, D-3

b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

d. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

e. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2

a. A-l, B-2, C-4, D-3

52. Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained national popularity by

a. advocating social justice for all.

b. blaming Jews for the Depression.

c. making Louisiana a model for ordinary citizens.

d. supporting a $200-a-month old-age pension.

e. promising to give every family $5,000.

e. promising to give every family $5,000.

53. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) aimed to do all of the following except

a. provide loans and jobs for college students.

b. quiet the groundswell of protest produced by Huey Long and Dr. Francis Townsend.

c. provide employment on useful projects.

d. produce works of art.

e. provide handouts to the unemployed.

e. provide handouts to the unemployed.

b

54. Match each New Dealer below with the federal agency or

program with which he or she was closely identified.

A. Robert Wagner 1. Department of Labor

B. Harry Hopkins 2. Public Works Administration.

C. Harold Ickes 3. Works Progress Administration

D. Frances Perkins 4. National Labor Relations Act

a. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

b. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

d. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

e. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

55. The National Recovery Act (NRA) began to fail because

a. too few industries joined the agency.

b. it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public.

c. Harold Ickes, the head of the agency, blocked its ability to provide maximum relief.

d. it did not provide enough protection for labor to bargain with management.

e. the agency did not have enough power to control business.

b. it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public.

e

56. The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money paid to

farmers not to grow crops by

a. raising the tariff.

b. imposing a tax on the sale of farms.

c. selling government surplus grain.

d. increasing taxes on the wealthy.

e. taxing processors of farm products.

57. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the "farm problem" by

a. reducing agricultural production.

b. inflating the currency.

c. encouraging farmers to switch to industrial employment.

d. helping farmers to pay their mortgages.

e. creating farm cooperatives.

a. reducing agricultural production.

58. Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment_________; the

Twenty-first Amendment _______________.

a. shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition

b. limited a president to two complete terms in office; repealed the Eighteenth Amendment

c. rendered most New Deal programs unconstitutional; limited a president to two complete terms in office

d. ended prohibition; shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration

e. expanded the size of the Supreme Court; ended prohibition

a. shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition

59. All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except

a. dry-farming techniques.

b. drought.

c. farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment.

d. wind.

e. soil erosion.

c. farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment.

60. In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to

a. help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California.

b. place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was needed.

c. move Indians from land that could be farmed by victims of the Dust Bowl.

d. find jobs for farmers in industry.

e. move farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl to better land.

a. help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California.

61. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to

a. reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society.

b. encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims.

c. reinforce the Dawes Act of 1887.

d. pressure Native Americans to renounce self-government.

e. define clearly which tribes were federally recognized.

a. reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society.

e

62. Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to

a. Oklahoma.

b. Arizona.

c. Nevada.

d. Oregon.

e. California.

63. Most "Okies" in California escaped the deprivation and uncertainty of seasonal farm labor when they

a. acquired farms in the San Joaquin Valley.

b. found work in the canning industry.

c. found jobs in defense industries during World War II.

d. joined the armed forces in World War II.

e. formed evangelical religious communes.

c. found jobs in defense industries during World War II.

64. The Federal Securities Act aimed to

a. halt the sale of stocks on margin.

b. force stockbrokers to register with the federal government.

c. control public holding companies.

d. force stock promoters to give investors information regarding the soundness of their stocks.

e. stop insider trading on the New York Stock Exchange.

d. force stock promoters to give investors information regarding the soundness of their stocks.

65. On the following, the one least related to the other three is

a. the Securities and Exchange Commission.

b. the Tennessee Valley Authority.

c. George W. Norris.

d. Muscle Shoals.

e. hydroelectric power.

a. the Securities and Exchange Commission.

66. New Dealers argued that their multifront war on the Depression primarily

sought to

a. reduce the national debt.

b. overthrow capitalism.

c. destroy the Republican party.

d. provide relief.

e. force business to act fairly.

d) provide relief

67. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) drew criticism because it

a. lacked government control.

b. produced electricity inefficiently.

c. primarily benefited the South.

d. followed unsuccessful European plans too closely.

e. aroused fears of creeping socialism.

e. aroused fears of creeping socialism.

68. The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its plans concerning

a. electrical power.

b. flood control.

c. soil conservation.

d. reforestation.

e. resettlement

a. electrical power.

69. The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except

a. unemployment insurance.

b. old-age pensions.

c. economic provisions for the blind and disabled.

d. support for the blind and physically handicapped.

e. health care for the poor.

e. health care for the poor

70. The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that

a. gave labor the right to bargain collectively.

b. established the NRA.

c. established the Social Security system.

d. authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA).

e. guaranteed housing loans to workers.

a. gave labor the right to bargain collectively.

71. The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to

a. employers.

b. skilled workers.

c. the unemployed.

d. trade associations.

e. unskilled workers.

e. unskilled workers.

72. The primary interest of the Congress of Industrial Organizations was

a. the effective enforcement of "yellow dog" contracts.

b. the organization of trade unions.

c. the maintenance of "open shop" industries.

d. the organization of all workers within an industry.

e. maintaining existing wage levels.

d. the organization of all workers within an industry.

73. The 1936 election was made notable by

a. a strong third-party effort by the American Liberty League.

b. the bitter class struggle between the poor and the rich.

c. the large number of blacks who still voted Republican out of gratitude to Abraham Lincoln.

d. the strong socialist effort.

e. the strong race run by Kansas Governor Alf Landon.

b. the bitter class struggle between the poor and the rich.

74. President Roosevelt's "Court-packing" scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court

a. more conservative.

b. more independent of Congress.

c. more sympathetic to New Deal programs.

d. less burdened with appellate cases.

e. more respectful of the Constitution's original intent.

c. more sympathetic to New Deal programs.

75. After Franklin Roosevelt's failed attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court,

a. Roosevelt was unable to make any changes in the Court.

b. the Democrats lost the next election in 1940.

c. Congress permanently set the number of justices at nine.

d. much New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional.

e. the Court began to support New Deal programs.

e. the Court began to support New Deal programs.

d

76. As a result of the 1937 "Roosevelt recession,"

a. Roosevelt backed away from further economic experiments.

b. Social Security taxes were reduced.

c. Republicans gained control of the Senate in 1938.

d. Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics.

e. much of the early New Deal was repealed.

77. During the 1930s,

a. the Great Depression forced President Roosevelt to trim the size of the federal bureaucracy.

b. the states regained influence over the economy.

c. businesspeople eventually came to admire President Roosevelt's New Deal programs.

d. the New Deal substantially closed the gap between production and consumption in the American economy.

e. the national debt doubled.

e. the national debt doubled.

78. Many economists believe that the New Deal could have cured the ills of the Depression by

a. engaging in greater deficit spending.

b. spending less money.

c. remaining on the gold standard and keeping a sound currency.

d. allowing the private sector to solve the problems.

e. giving a greater role to local government.

a. engaging in greater deficit spending.

79. Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs

a. were almost no help for the poor.

b. did not end the Depression.

c. created the biggest federal deficits in American history.

d. aided only farmers.

e. aided the poor but not the middle class.

e. declared Japan and Germany "rogue states."

b. did not end the Depression.

1. Franklin Roosevelt refused to support the London Economic Conference because

a) its members insisted on rigid adherence to the gold standard

b) any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression

c) such an agreement would involve the U.S. militarily with the League of Nations

d) the delegates refused to work on reviving international trade

e) it was dominated by British and Swiss bankers

b

2. As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's unwillingness to support the London Conference,

a) inflation in the U.S. was reduced

b) the U.S. was voted out of the League of Nations

c) tensions arouse between the U.S. and Britain

d) the U.S. began to pull out of the Depression

e) the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened

e the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened

3. One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office was

a) the formal recognition of the Soviet Union

b) joining the League of Nations

c) establishing military bases in China

d) his support of the Tydings-McDuffie Act

e) his commitment to Philippine independence

a) the formal recognition of the Soviet Union

4. Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly

a) in order to win support for American Catholics

b) because the Soviet leadership seemed to be modifying its harsher communist policies

c) in hopes of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany

d) to win favor with American liberals and leftists

e) to open opportunities for American investment in Siberian oil fields

c

5. In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the U.S. was motivated by

a) treaty obligations

b) doubts about the islands' potential profitability

c) the view that the islands were militarily indefensible

d) the realization that the islands were economic liabilities

e) regrets over their imperialistic takeover on 1898

d) the realization that the islands were economic liabilities

6. Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because

a) there was a rising tide of anti-Americanism in Latin America

b) Congress had repealed the Monroe Doctrine

c) he feared the spread of communism in the region

d) the policy was part of the neutrality stance taken by the U.S.

e) he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against European and Asian dictators

e

7. As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt

a) abandoned the Monroe Doctrine

b) withdrew American marines from Haiti

c) asked Congress to extend the Platt Amendment in Cuba

d) returned to the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control

e) proposed to grant Rico its independence

b) withdrew American marines from Haiti

8. The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act

a) raised America's tariff schedule

b) inhibited President Roosevelt's efforts to implement his Good Neighborhood policy.

c) increased America's foreign trade

d) was most strongly opposed in the South and West

e) was aimed at isolating Italy and Germany

c

9. President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign-trade policy

a) lowered tariffs to increase trade

b) encouraged trade only with Latin America

c) continued the policy that had persisted since the Civil War

d) was reversed only after World War II

e) sought protection for key U.S. industries

a) lowered tariffs to increase trade

10. Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by

a) assisting their victims with military aid

b) giving only economic help to the targets of aggression

c) beginning to build up their military forces

d) demanding an oil embargo on all warring nations

e) retreating into isolationism

e

11. Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's vision of ______________, Hitler's invasion of _______________, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ____________________.

a) Egypt, France, Poland

b) Albania, Italy, Austria

c) Ethiopia, Czechoslovakia, Spain

d) Belgium, the Soviet Union, France

e) Ethiopia, Norway, Portugal

c) Ethiopia, Czechoslovakia, Spain

12. By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to

a) increase the size of the Supreme Court

b) limit a president to two terms

c) ban arm sales to foreign nations

d) require the president to gain Congressional approval before sending U.S. troops overseas

e) forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum

e

13. Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the U.S. resulted in all of the following except

a) abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas

b) a decline in the navy and other armed forces

c) making no distinction whatever between aggressors and victims

d) spurring aggressors along their path of conquest

e) balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with neither

b

14. The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war,

a) Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations

b) America would sell arms and war materials only to the victim of aggression

c) American bankers would be allowed to make loans to only one of the warring nations

d) U.S. diplomats intended to uphold the tradition of freedom of the seas

e) U.S. diplomats and civilians would be withdrawn from both warring nations

a

15. From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence:

a) embargo to lend-lease to cash-and-carry

b) cash-and-carry to lend-lease to embargo

c) lend-lease to cash-and-carry to embargo

d) embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease

e) lend-lease to embargo to cash-and-carry

d

16. America's neutrality during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 allowed

a) Hitler to conquer Spain

b) the Loyalists to win the war

c) Roosevelt and Franco to become personal friends

d) the Soviets to aid the Spanish republic

e) Spain to become a fascist dictatorship

e) Spain to become a fascist dictatorship

17. Franklin Roosevelt's sensational "Quarantine Speech" resulted in

a) immediate British support for U.S. policy

b) a wave of protest by isolationists

c) support from both Democratic and Republican leaders

d) Japanese aggression in China

e) A modification of the Neutrality Acts

b) a wave of protest by isolationists

18. In September 1938 in Munich, German,

a) Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia

b) Hitler declared his intention to take Austria

c) Hitler signed the Axis Alliance Treaty with Japan

d) Britain and France acquiesced to the German reoccupation of the Rhineland

e) Britain and France declared that an invasion of Poland would mean war

a

19. In 1938 the British and French brought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference at the expense of

a) Poland

b) The free city of Danzig

c) Austria

d) Belgium

e) Czechoslovakia

e

20. Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union,

a) Britain and France singed a similar agreement

b) the Soviets attacked China

c) Germany invaded Poland and started World War II

d) Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets

e) the Germans invaded Finland

c) Germany invaded Poland and started World War II