APUSH Period 3 - Key Tem

French and Indian War

A war between British and French + Indians. It was a smaller conflict of the 7 years war. Caused because the British colonists were slowly encroaching onto land that the French had (territorial conflict). Washington led the British colonial forces.

Albany Congress

Congress meeting in 1754 to figure out British colonial defense measures against the French and to try to gain Iroquois confederacy alliance in upcoming war.

Albany Plan of Congress

An idea proposed at the Albany Congress by Benjamin Franklin. He said each colony should establish a council of representatives who would decide on matters like frontier defense, trade, expansion, etc. It was rejected.

Treaty of Paris

French and Indian ended with the signing of this treaty. Under this treaty Spain ceded Florida to Britain, the French were ousted from North America, and land east of the Mississippi River was given to the British.

Proclamation Line of 1763

To protect the British colonies from strained relations with Natives (colonists kept expanding west), the British parliament established this line. It forbade colonists from migrating West across the Appalachian mountains and taking land in the Ohio River Valley Area. Colonists migrated Anyway.

Name one economic effect of the French Indian War.

It was a very expensive war. The British debt doubled and to pay for this, the British Parliament raised revenue by raising taxes on American colonists.

Salutary Neglect

This led colonists to believe they were more independant then the British Parliament thought they were.

Sugar Tax

An imposed tax on coffee, wine, and luxury items.

Stamp Act

An imposed tax on all paper items produced in the colonies.

Currency Act

An imposed tax which prohibited colonial assemblies from printing their own paper currency.

Sons of Liberty/Daughters of Liberty

Organized groups who gave voice against the British parliament. They rose up after the Stamp Act.

Stamp Act Congress

Their goal was to petition the British Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act because taxation without representation is Tyranny.

(AMERICAN REVOLUTION WAS STILL NOT ON COLONIST MINDS YET)

What was en effect of the Stamp Act Congress on the British part?

The British parliament repealed the Stamp/Sugar Act and passed the Declatory Acts.

Declatory Acts

This act said Parliament had the right to pass whatever law they wanted in the colonies.

Townshend Acts

Levied taxes on paper, tea, glass which were imported into the colonies. Colonists started to boycott these goods. (they started to spin their own clothes, and drank their own tea)

Boston Massacre

Couple of boys were harassing group of British soldiers. Someone fired a gun and 11 colonists were wounded, and 4 lay dead.

Boston Tea Party

The past Tea Act gave the British East India Company rights of buying and shipping tea to colonies. This angered colonists because they were used to smuggled tea. So then 50 members of the Sons of Liberty disguised themselves and dumped 45 tons of British Tea into the Boston Harbor. In response, Britain passed the Coercive Acts.

Coercive Acts

Closed down Boston Harbor until all the tea was paid for.

Intolerable Acts

Series of laws passed by British Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party.

Continental Congress

Delegates from every colony met to discuss what to do about the British’s increasing tyranny. They decided colonies need to resist further violations of liberty at hands of parliament.

John Locke

His Two Treatises of Government argued that a legitimate government can only exist by consent of the governed and Humans are endowed with natural right, self rule, and through elected representation.

Jean-Jacques Rosseau

His idea of a social contract agued power to govern is in hands of people and they have to willingly give up some power in return for the government to agree to protect their natural rights.

Baron de Montesquieu

Believed a republican form of government was the best to protect people’s liberty and argued that a government should be split into 3 branches which check each other.

Common Sense

A book written by Thomas Paine which tried to convince people that independence from Britain was the only way to move forward. He used easy language.

Second Continental Congress

Here, a formal resolution was put forward for independence and here TJ was tasked with composing the DOI.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point battle in Revolutionary War. After this victory benjamin franklin was able to convince France to join the patriot cause.

Battle of Yorktown

With aid of France, this was the final battle in the Revolutionary War. British surrendered.

Paris Peace Treaty

Britain officially recognize America as an independent nation whose border was at the Mississippi River.

Republican Motherhood

Women were vital to a democratic society because they could raise children that were well schooled in republican ideals.

Toussant L’Ouverture

Led the rebellion against the French (Haitian Revolution)

Articles of Confederation

First constitution which was influenced by the state governments. It gave states lots of power and put lots of power in the legislative government. No president, no national court, no army.

Northwest Ordinance

Abolished slavery in the NorthWest territory and provided means for which western territories could become a state + gain a population.

Shay’s Rebellion

A minor uprising which showed how weak the AOC was.

Consitutional Convention

A convention held in Philly were 55 delegates from states met. The goal was to strengthen the AOC, but it was evident enough to just make a new one.

Virginia Plan

Plan for representation in the new colonies. It had a strong centralized state government, representation should be based on population, and a bicameral legislation.

New Jersey Plan

Plan for representation in the new colonies. It had a unicameral legislation and representation should be equal.

Great Compromise

A compromise between the NJ and Virginia Plan. It had a bicameral legislation (HOR based on population and Senate had equal representation)

3/5 Compromise

A compromise regarding how a slave in the South should count. 3/5 of a slave population could be added.

Federalists

Supported Constitution

Anti Federalists

Opposed ratification because they believed the Constitution would take away an individuals liberties (No bill of rights)

Supremacy Clause

National law triumphs over state law whenever there is conflict.

National Bank

Established by Hamilton, he claimed it would unify states and improve American credit. He said the federal government should assume state debts.

Elastic Clause

Hamilton’s idea, it said Congress could enact any law when needed.

Pinckney’s Treaty

Spain agreed to let America use New Orleans trading post and drew america’s southern border at the 31st parallel.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A clash between the US Army and Indian Tribes, america won. Indians surrendered all of the ohio valley.

Whiskey Rebellion

Hamilton convinced tax on whiskey. It was odious to farmers and GW put down the rebellion with the army.

Farewell Address

GW warned against the dangers of political parties and against dangers of alliances especially with Europe.

XYZ Affair

War between French + Britain broke out so Adams sent a delegation to France to negotiate a settlement. The 3 frenchmen who met them demanded a bribe before they even sat down. The men are known as X,Y, and Z.

Alien ans Sedition Acts

It made possible for the government to deport any noncitizen and made it illegal to criticize the government.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

States had the right to nullify any law passed by the federal government in which it went beyond the powers granted by Congress.