Chem 190 radioactive decay

Alpha decay

Releases an alpha particle or Helium (-2 protons, -4 weight), and changes the identity of the atom. Lots of energy, little penetration

Beta+ decay/Positron Emission

Proton is decayed into a neutron, positron, and a neutrino. This results in a change of identity and the loss of a proton but NOT the loss of mass.

Beta- decay/Beta decay

Neutron decays into a proton, electron and an anti-neutrino, little energy while being able to penetrate a bit farther than Alpha-Decay

Electron capture

A proton and an electron decay into a neutron and a neutrino

Gamma Decay

Metastable nucleus that releases a chargeless and massless gamma particle. High Penetrating ability, lots of energy

Isotopes are stable if:

1. 1. Proton-Proton interactions are small

2. 2. Nuclei have filled nuclear shell (2,8,18…)

3. 3. Roughly even # of protons and neutrons

Belt of Stability

The further out you are the more neutrons/protons you need to make up for one another.

Up Quark mass

+2e/3

Down Quark Mass

-e/3

Leptons:

Electron, Neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, Tau, Tau Neutrino

Quarks:

Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top, Bottom

Quarks make up what"?

Hadrons or P/N

What is e in +2e/3 equal to?

1.602×10E-19 Coulumbs

Fundamental forces

Strong force, Electrostatic force, weak nuclear force, gravitational force

What fundamental force holds together the nucleus?

Strong force

What force is responsible for the electronegativity?

Electrostatic force

What force is responsible for radioactive decay

Weak nuclear force

Nuclear Binding energy:

energy required to hold together protons and neutrons in teh nucleas

How do we calculate NBE

using mass defect (amu-experiment, converted into energy using

Conversion factor for mass defect

1.602×10E-13 = 931.47 MeV