cardiovascular system study guide

what is blood plasma

liquid component of blood, mainly water, contains multiple solutes, suspends blood cells

erythrocytes ( red blood cells)

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (iron / hemoglobin)

leukocytes ( white blood cells)

defends the body against infection and disease (phagcitosis, leaves the bloods)

thrombocytes ( platelets)

help in blood clots 

hemoglobin/ iron

binds oxygen in eurothrocytes

why do erythrocytes needs to be replaced regularly? how regularly? 

they lack nucleus & organelles ( limits ability to repair itself ) replaced every 120 days (2-3 months) 

vascular spasm

construction of a damaged blood vessel to reduce blood flow

platelet plug formation

platelets adhere and aggregate to form temporary plug

coagulation

formation of fibrin clot to reinforce platelet plug 

what is a thrombus and when does it become a embolus

thrombus is a abnormal blood clot inside a blood vessel it becomes embolus when broken loose and travels into bloodstream

someone who is AB+ can receive what blood types? Why?

all blood types because they have no antibodies

someone who is O can donate to what blood types? why? 

alll because they have no a., b , or rh antigens 

ateries function

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

veins

return deoxygenated blood to the heart

capillaries 

faciliate exchange of substances with tissues

larger veins have ______ to prevent the backflow of blood

valves

vessels of the heart

inferior vena cave, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, aorta

pulmonary veins 

vessels that brings blood from lungs to heart 

pulmonary artery

vessels that carry blood from heart to lungs

right atrium

deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava enters the heart into it

coronary artery 

supplies nutrients and oxygen to the myocardium 

list the chamber with the thickest wall. why?

left ventricles pump bloods

right & left atrium 

superior recieving chambers 

right & left ventricle 

inferior discharging chamber 

pulmonary circulation (right side of the heart)

blood flow between the heart and lungs

systemic circulation (left side of the heart)

blood flow between heart and rest of the body 

when ventricle contracts which valves close?

tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve

right ventricle

deoxygenated blood exits heart

aorta

carries blood from heart to all systems of the body

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood

sa node

pacemaker of the heart

electrocardium ( ecg, EKG) 

graphical record of the electrical currents generated by the heart during one cardiac cycle 

fibrillation

rapid and irregular

arrhythmia

abnormality in heart rhythm

heart attack and its cause 

a heart attack is called myocardial infarction cause by blockage in the coronary 

systole

contraction

diastole

relaxation

how is blood pressure represented? 

systolic and diastolic pressure 

lub

closing of the atrioventricular valve

dub

closing of the semilunar valves

how a drop of blood travels through the heart

right atrium, triscuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body