WAFL 11 Physiology Knowledge Checks

Which of the following define Bioavailability?

a. rate of Gastrointestinal absorption

b. minimum dose to achieve desired effect

c. percent of drug that reaches the systemic circulation

c. percent of drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Which of the following affect a drug's bioavailability?

a. drug dosage

b. hepatic first pass effect

c. rate of urine formation

b. hepatic first pass effect

Which organ is primarily responsible for drug elimination?

a. Kidney

b. Liver

c. Small Intestine

a. Kidney

Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?

a. Kidney

b. Liver

c. Small Intestine

b. Liver

Determination of a drug's half-life is important to determine which of the following?

a. Volume of distribution determined

b. Absorption of a drug

c. Steady state concentration of drug

c. Steady state concentration of drug

Which of the following define Pharmacodynamics?

a. Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action

b. Drub action in the body over time influenced by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and

elimination

c. Pharmaceutical phase of dissolution of drug

a. Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action

Which of the following define Pharmacokinetics?

a. Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action

b. Drub action in the body over time influenced by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination

c. Pharmaceutical phase of dissolution of drug

b. Drub action in the body over time influenced by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination

Which of the following define effective dose of a drug?

a. concentration of the drug after one-half life

b. concentration of the drug that is metabolized by enzymes in the liver

c. concentration of drug in the therapeutic range

c. concentration of drug in the therapeutic range

Which of the following situations would require monitoring of drug dosage to avoid toxic drug reactions?

a. drugs with a narrow therapeutic range

b. drugs with a wide therapeutic range

c. drugs administered in solution because they bypass the dissolution phase

a. drugs with a narrow therapeutic range

Which of the following situations increases the risk for adverse drug effects?

a. elderly age

b. decreased renal function

c. increased number of drug prescriptions and includes over-the-counter drugs (OTC)

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Renal dosing of a drug is dependent on which of the following?

a. Clearance of Creatinine to determine eGFR

b. Volume of urine output

c. Blood flow to the kidney

d. First pass effect

a. Clearance of Creatinine to determine eGFR

What is the time scale of drug interactions?

a. Rapid within 24 hours

b. Delayed over days to weeks

c. drug interactions can be rapid or delayed

c. drug interactions can be rapid or delayed

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

effective pain reduction for minor pain, however, has ceiling effect, safe and effective for minor pain when used as directed, low potential for addiction

NSAIDs

effective pain reduction for minor pain, however, has ceiling effect, adverse side effects include GI irritation, kidney toxicity, low potential for addiction

Opioids (Narcotics)

used to treat major pain, does not have a ceiling effect, development of tolerance, adverse effects include constipation, adverse effect of respiratory depression

What should you do if you witness an opioid overdose?

a. call referring MD

b. administer Naloxone (Narcan) and call 911

c. initiate CPR

b. administer Naloxone (Narcan) and call 911

What is the role of the physical therapist when providing treatment to individuals who are being managed with muscle relaxant medications?

a. observe for signs and symptoms of addiction, report changes in function, document efficacy of medications or lack of efficacy

b. document dosing schedule

c. discontinue individual from PT if medications are not workin

a. observe for signs and symptoms of addiction, report changes in function, document efficacy of medications or lack of efficacy

Duloxetine and Pregabalin are used to treat which of the following?

a. nociceptive pain

b. neuropathic pain

c. visceral pain

b. neuropathic pain

What information must you as a physical therapist understand about the effectiveness of using Duloxetine (a selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor -SNRI) or the use of Pregabalin (Lyrica) if you are also working with a patient that is being treated with one of these medications?

a. these drugs do not have a ceiling effect and are often used as recreational drugs

b. these drugs are fast acting and provide excellent pain relief within 30 minutes

c. dosing of these drugs is challenging and it often takes approximately 1 month to get relief of pain

c. dosing of these drugs is challenging and it often takes approximately 1 month to get relief of pain

Which of the following correctly defines infection?

a. Transient presence of a microbe on surface of skin with no host response

b. Long-term presence of a microbe on tissues without invasion

c. Invasion of a microbe that triggers a host response

c. Invasion of a microbe that triggers a host response

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of chronic inflammation?

a. Tachycardia and tachypnea

b. Fever, shivering, and night sweats

c. Fatigue and altered mental functions

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Antibiotics work on which of the following pathogens?

a. Viruses

b. Bacteria

c. Fungi

d. Parasites

b. Bacteria

Why do physical therapists need to be extra cautious when working with patients taking Fluoroquinolones (Cipro) antibiotics?

a. Cipro increases the risk of septic arthritis

b. Cipro increases the risk of Achillis tendon rupture

c. Patients taking Cipro feel extra nauseated when doing activity

b. Cipro increases the risk of Achillis tendon rupture

Which of the following microbes cause watery diarrhea, require contact precautions, require soap and water to kill the microbes (not alcohol rub), and require the use of bleach wipes to clean equipment?

a. C. difficile

b. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

c. Vancomycin-resistance streptococci (VRE)

d. Salmonella

a. C. difficile

What should a physical therapist immediately do when they see a patient presented with thick, crusty, scaly skin?

a. Wipe their hands with gel sanitizer

b. Physical therapist and patient need to get vaccinated

c. Report the situation to nursing/infection control team

d. No precaution is needed; safe to continue physical therapy

c. Report the situation to nursing/infection control team

Which of the following tissue infections require an emergent action and cause symptoms of bullae, dusky, or necrotic skin with pain that is worse than the skin condition?

a. Necrotizing Fasciitis

b. Cellulitis

c. Surgical Site Infection

d. Abscess

a. Necrotizing Fasciitis

Which of the following are symptoms of septic arthritis?

a. Bilateral joint stiffness and muscle pain

b. Unilateral red, hot, swollen joint, with decreased range of motion

c. Bilateral swelling in lower extremities

b. Unilateral red, hot, swollen joint, with decreased range of motion

Which infection would be a major concern for individuals with Diabetes Mellitus and an open wound (often called diabetic ulcer)?

a. Septic Arthritis

b. Ear infection

c. Osteomyelitis

c. Osteomyelitis

What should a physical therapist do when they suspect a bone or joint infection?

a. Stop physical therapy and escalate

b. Mobilize a suspected septic joint to improve mobility

c. Assume pain is a normal process even if it increases

a. Stop physical therapy and escalate

Which of the following signs and symptoms on a patient with pneumonia or septic shock alert a physical therapist to stop the session and escalate

a. Acute fever and altered mental status

b. Drop in oxygen saturation below 90% and doesn't recover with rest

c. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What type of protective PPE would you wear during an emergency where blood is spurting?

a. gloves and gown only

b. gloves, fluid-resistant gown, and mask + goggles OR face shield

c. gloves only

b. gloves, fluid-resistant gown, and mask + goggles OR face shield

Which of the following is correct about hand hygiene?

a. It is the single most effective precaution measure

b. It applies between every patient and before, during, and after patient contact

c. Alcohol-based hand hygiene may not be enough on preventing spread of some infections

d. All of the above

d. All of the above