outdoor unit 4 aos 2

land management

responsiblility of managing the use of and development of land resources

caring for country

the management of land and waterways by indigenous peoples, and the sustainable land management practices and initiatives led by them

what does indigenous land and sea management involve

preservation of customary practices, promotion of community wellbeing, conservation of biodiversity and the development of sustainable economic activities

aim of indigenous land management

maintain, protect and enhance the ecological health and diversity of ecosystems, promote the productivity of landscapes and conserve cultural values + tradition

spiritual + cultural land management

protecting and maintaining cultural sites, stories + songlines (eg bunjils shelter)

recognising important cultural areas (dhungala - yorta yorta)

performing cultural or customary activities (smoking ceremonies)

commercial and economic land management (indigenous)

cultural ecotourism (brambuk cultural center)

employment in indigenous and co managed parks and protected areas

natural resource management (indigenous)

fire stick farming, weed control and monitoring, conservation of natural water bodies

conservation (indigenous)

creating seasonal harvest calendars

indigenous ranger projects

important collab between government body and local indigenous group, designed to facilitate the sharing of traditional knowledge by indigenous groups

they do:

- bushfire mitigation

- endangered species protection

How do traditional landowners collaborate for land conservation?

They often work with government agencies and non-indigenous organizations.

What is an example of collaboration between indigenous groups and scientific organizations?

The creation of indigenous seasons calendars by CSIRO and indigenous groups.

What role does seasonal knowledge play for indigenous peoples?

It is crucial for various activities on their traditional lands and helps communicate their connection to and management of these lands.

What are indigenous ranger projects designed to achieve?

They facilitate the sharing of traditional knowledge and conservation training to empower indigenous peoples in land management.

List some targeted projects undertaken by indigenous ranger projects.

Bushfire mitigation, endangered species protection, biosecurity compliance, partnerships with educational and commercial groups, and engagement with schools.

What are the environmental benefits of controlled cultural burns?

They can reduce greenhouse gas emissions when conducted during appropriate seasons and conditions.

How was cultural burning integrated into Victoria's existing burning program?

In 2021, it was integrated and conducted in areas nominated by traditional owners in partnership with Forest Fire Management Victoria.

What is the definition of public land?

Land managed by governments and agencies to protect environmental and cultural sites while providing community and recreational opportunities.

Who is responsible for preserving and maintaining public lands in Victoria?

The Victorian government.

What is the aim of public land management strategies?

To balance the competing needs of different user groups while protecting natural and cultural values.

What types of parks does Parks Victoria manage?

National parks, state parks, coastal parks, marine national parks, marine sanctuaries, wilderness parks, and various reserves.

What is the role of park rangers in public land management?

Their work varies based on the environments they manage, focusing on conservation and public engagement.

What is the significance of the habitats managed by Parks Victoria?

They serve as vital habitats for threatened species and house many Aboriginal cultural heritage sites.

What is the goal of DEECA in managing public lands?

To implement management plans and policies that regulate land use and access sustainably.

What are 'cool' fires in the context of cultural burns?

Controlled burns that are conducted under favorable conditions to minimize environmental impact.

How do indigenous ranger projects empower local communities?

By enabling them to take an active role in the management and preservation of their land and cultural heritage.

What is the relationship between cultural burns and greenhouse gas emissions?

Controlled cultural burns can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

What types of partnerships are established by indigenous ranger projects?

Partnerships with educational, research, charitable groups, and commercial businesses.

What is the role of DEECA in public land management?

To implement management plans that ensure sustainable use and access to public lands.

What is the significance of Aboriginal cultural heritage sites managed by Parks Victoria?

They provide a tangible connection to the state's history and traditions.

What is the primary focus of public land management strategies?

To protect sites of environmental and cultural value while providing recreational opportunities.

What are the two main categories of responsibilities for park rangers?

Conservation management and public engagement.

What are the main objectives of managing natural value?

To protect, enhance, and manage natural, recreational, and cultural assets; identify and control weeds and pest animals; protect populations of threatened or endangered animals; and assist with fire suppression.

What are some responsibilities involved in visitor services management?

Maintaining and developing visitor facilities (e.g., toilets, picnic areas, trails), improving regulatory and educational signage, and responding to emergency situations such as search and rescue.

What is the process for a law to become an act in parliament?

A law becomes an act after being passed in identical form by both houses of parliament and being assented to by the governor-general.

What are conventions in the context of international law?

Treaties signed between two or more nations that act as binding agreements and form the basis for international law.

What is the purpose of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Amendment Act 2019?

To modernize Victoria's key biodiversity legislation and provide conservation management practices for specific threatened species.

What does the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Amendment Act 2019 serve as for threatened species?

It acts as a recovery plan that outlines how to conserve species and remove them from the threatened list.

What are the key components considered when making a conservation management plan?

Items (species, communities, or threatening processes), locations (areas of management), threats (considered processes), actions (practical strategies), organizations and individuals involved, and results (success assessment).

What is required for action statements under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act?

Action statements must be prepared by DEECA for each species listed as threatened after thorough research and investigation.

What is the process for nominating a species for listing under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act?

Anyone can submit a nomination, which is reviewed by an expert advisory committee. If valid, public comments are invited before the application is reconsidered and forwarded to state parliament for a final decision.

What are the strengths of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act?

It legally protects threatened species and allows for fines or court actions against breaches of the act.

What are the weaknesses of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act?

The act is not enforced effectively, with only one temporary order since 1988, and the Victorian government does not provide adequate resources for implementing action statements.

How does the lack of resources affect the implementation of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act?

It relies on community and volunteer groups for implementation, such as 'Friends of the Leadbeater Possum'.

Is the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act considered effective?

The effectiveness of the act is questioned due to enforcement issues and resource limitations.

What is the overall effectiveness of current sustainable management practices for outdoor environments?

Not effective due to lack of enforcement and under-resourcing.

What organization works to protect native plants and wildlife in Victoria in cooperation with private landowners?

Trust for Nature (TFN)

Under which act was Trust for Nature established?

Victorian Conservation Trust Act 1972.

What is a conservation covenant?

An agreement allowing landowners to permanently protect native wildlife and plants on their properties, negotiated voluntarily with TFN.

What support does the stewardship program provide to landowners?

Access to conservation advice and property maintenance to help manage the area.

What is the purpose of Trust for Nature properties?

To buy and maintain properties with high conservation value to protect native wildlife.

How does the revolving fund contribute to conservation outcomes?

It purchases environmentally significant land through donations and government funds, then sells it with conservation covenants attached.

What initiative does Trust for Nature undertake to restore Grampians wetlands?

Works with Nature Glenelg Trust to develop management plans and covenants for wetlands, protecting habitats for threatened species.

What key threatened species are protected by the Grampians wetlands restoration efforts?

Brolga and Growling Grass Frog.

When was Landcare established in Victoria?

1986

What is the vision of Landcare?

Rich and diverse Victorian landscapes supporting productive farming, healthy ecosystems, and thriving communities.

What actions does Landcare take to improve biodiversity?

Planting native trees, shrubs, and grasses to create habitats for native animals.

How does Landcare assist landholders in managing soils?

By preventing salinity and erosion.

What is Project Platypus?

A community-driven Landcare network based in Stawell that restores environmental health in the upper Wimmera catchment.

What type of control does Project Platypus engage in?

Weed control along waterways and feral animal management on private land.

What collaborative effort is made around the Grampians by Landcare groups?

Setting up 'buffer zones' in partnership with Parks Victoria.

How does Landcare involve the community in environmental protection?

Through planting days, weed and rubbish removal, and installing bird nesting boxes.

What is one method Landcare promotes for energy and water efficiency?

Farming effluent recycling.

What is the role of the government in Landcare initiatives?

To contribute knowledge, expertise, and funding to support Landcare efforts.

What is the significance of the conservation covenant in terms of land protection?

It ensures that areas protected will be maintained forever.

What are the main components of Trust for Nature's conservation efforts?

Conservation covenants, stewardship programs, property purchases, and revolving funds.

What historical environmental damage is being reversed by Trust for Nature's wetland restoration?

The draining of Walker Swamp in the 1950s for agriculture and forestry.

What community engagement activities does Landcare promote?

Community involvement in local environmental protection and restoration efforts.

What is sustainable consumerism?

A lifestyle that promotes efficient resource use while ensuring access to basic needs and quality of life, balancing economic prosperity with social equity and environmental responsibility.

What is ethical consumerism?

A practice that considers fair working conditions and sustainable production, packaging, and transport practices throughout a company's supply chain.

What are some characteristics of ethical products?

They are made without exploiting workers, do not negatively impact the environment, and avoid cruelty to animals.

What are individual actions to sustain healthy outdoor environments?

Buying local and seasonal produce, following zero waste principles, and changing energy consumption habits.

What are the zero waste principles?

Refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, and rot (composting) to maximize recycling.

How can changing energy consumption habits help the environment?

By using electricity during off-peak times, reducing power bills and helping to stabilize the grid.

What are some practices conscious consumers may adopt?

Buying second hand, avoiding bottled water and cling film, upcycling, shopping seasonally and locally, eating less meat, using reusable shopping bags, and switching to fair trade products.

What is green building?

The practice of creating structures using environmentally responsible and resource-efficient processes and materials.

What does green building include beyond sustainable practices?

It also encompasses designs that enable efficient living techniques in the structure for future efficiency.

What are the benefits of green building?

Requires fewer resources to construct, creates less disturbance, and is more efficient to run.

How does buying local produce benefit the environment?

Local produce is often ripened on the farm, contains more nutrients, and travels less distance, reducing transport emissions.

What is one way to reduce plastic waste in consumer habits?

Avoiding cling film and using reusable shopping bags.

What is the significance of seasonal eating?

It promotes buying food that is in season, which is often fresher and has a lower environmental impact.

How does upcycling contribute to sustainability?

It repurposes old materials into new products, reducing waste and resource consumption.

What is the impact of avoiding bottled water?

It reduces plastic waste and encourages the use of more sustainable hydration options.

What is the role of fair trade products in ethical consumerism?

They ensure that producers receive fair compensation and work under good conditions.

What is the effect of fewer pests moving back into parks after treatment?

It indicates the effectiveness of pest control measures and contributes to healthier ecosystems.

How does community ownership relate to long-term conservation?

Stronger community ownership leads to more sustainable practices and commitment to conservation efforts.

What is the significance of energy consumption habits during peak times?

Using less electricity during peak times helps reduce strain on the power grid and lowers energy costs.

What is the relationship between ethical consumerism and environmental responsibility?

Ethical consumerism promotes practices that protect the environment while ensuring fair treatment of workers.