Biochemistry

Biomolecule

Large organic molecule essential for life

Functional group

Specific group of atoms within a molecule that has a predictable chemical behavior

Monomer

A single, smalller molecule that can link with other monomers

Polymer

Molecule made of smaller units called monemers

Dehydration synthesis

Monomer, Monomer comes together, water is released

Carbohydrate

Essential macronutrients that provide energy to the body

Disaccharide

Type of sugar formed when 2 monosaccharides are linked together

Chitin

Polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of anthropods and crostations

Glycogen

Branched polymer of glucose that serves as a storage form of energy

Protein

Vital macronutrients made of amino acids that the body uses for growth

Amino acid

Simple organic compound containing carboxyl and amino group

Peptide

Short chain of 2 to 50 amino acids

Amino group

A functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms 

Carboxyl group

An acidic functional group in organic chemistry

Carbonyl group

Functional group consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to oxygen

Hydroxyl group

Functional group consisting of an oxygen bonded to a hydrogen atom

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction where a water molecule is used to break down a compound

Monsaccharide

Simple sugars that are the basic unit of carbohydrates providing immidiate energy

Polysaccharide

A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

Cellulose

The most abundant organic polymer on the earth

Starch

A complex carbohydrate or polysaccharide that plants use for energy storage

Hydrophobic

Repels water, Scared of water

Hydrophilic

Attracts water, Likes water

Polypeptide

A long chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Enzyme

Proteins that speed up essential chemical reactions

Substrate

Underlying substance or layer

Denature

Take away or altar the natural qualities

Lipid

Fatty acids

Unsaturated fat

Contains 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms

Phospholipid

A class of lipids that are the primary component of a cell membrane

Nucleic acid

Carry genetic information

Phosphate

Chemical compound that contains phosphorus

Deoxyribose

A 5 carbon sugar that is a component of DNA

Activation energy

The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

Active site

A region or enzyme that binds to a protein

Saturated fat

A type of dietary fat

Trans fat

A type of unsaturated fat that are formed when liquid oils convert to fat

Steroid

Organic compound

Nucleotide

Building block of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA

Ribose

Simple sugar that forms from the backbone of genetic material

Nitrogen base

adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).