4U BIO EXAM (MC+short)

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Biology

12th

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109 Terms

1
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In polysaccharides, monosaccharides are joined together by…
Glycosidic bonds.
2
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Starch consists of…
Unbranched amylose and branched amylopectin.
3
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Cellulose is made up of repeating units of…
Beta-1,4 linkage between glucose units.
4
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Sucrose is a…
Disaccharide.
5
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The major functions of carbohydrates include…
Structural components of cell structures, and energy storage within a cell.
6
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Monosaccharides are…
Ketoses and aldoses.
7
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A triglyceride is formed by the condensation reactions between…
Fatty acids and alcohol.
8
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Lipids are important components of…
Cell membranes.
9
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The main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is…
The presence of double bonds.
10
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What is the solubility of lipids in water?
Insoluble.
11
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The repeating units of proteins are…
Amino acids.
12
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Amino acids are joined by…
Peptide bonds.
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The primary structure of a protein represents…
A linear sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
14
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Name the reaction between 2 amino acids.
Dehydration synthesis.
15
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Each amino acid is different from the other due to…
The R group.
16
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Enzymes are…
Proteins.
17
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What gives a protein its unique shape?
The unique amino acid sequence, hydrogen bonding and interactions between R groups, unique folding.
18
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R groups can be…
Hydrophobic, hydrophilic and charged.
19
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Quaternary Structure.
Polypeptide chains can assemble into multi-subunit structures.
20
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Primary structure.
Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains.
21
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How many amino acids are there?
20\.
22
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What determines the specificity of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids.
23
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What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
Hydrogen bonds between amino of one peptide bond and the carboxyl.
24
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What role do the R groups have in protein?
The folding of the protein in its tertiary structure.
25
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All amino acid side chains vary in all BUT…
Peptide bonding.
26
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Carbohydrates have these functional groups…
Carbonyl and hydroxyl.
27
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Which functional groups are polar?
Hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, carbonyl, phosphate.
28
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A dehydration reaction is…
A condensation reaction where the water molecule is removed.
29
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What 2 functional groups undergo a dehydration reaction to form an ester?
Carboxylic acid and alcohol.
30
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In a redox reaction, reduction relates to…
The gain of electrons.
31
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What is an ionic bond?
Atoms either taking or giving electrons (no sharing).
32
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What type of bond does hydrogen and oxygen form?
Polar covalent.
33
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Lipids have what type of bonds?
Ester.
34
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What are the monomers of lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids.
35
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What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids?
Unsaturated lipids have a double bond.
36
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Which type of lipid is amphipathic?
Phospholipids.
37
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What functional group makes fatty acids acidic?
Amino acid group.
38
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Lipids that are characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings is a…
Steroid.
39
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Single ringed, at least 2 hydroxyl groups and an aldehyde or ketone is…
Glucose.
40
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Two simple sugars linked together make a…
Disaccharide.
41
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What are the products of glycolysis?
2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvates.
42
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Steps 1 and 3 of glycolysis are…
Endergonic.
43
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What is required in the 1st three steps of glycolysis?
ATP for glucose activation.
44
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The ATP produced in glycolysis are generated by…
Substrate level phosphorylation.
45
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What is the purpose of the NADH produced in glycolysis?
To carry e- to ETC.
46
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Which molecules in glycolysis donate a phosphate to produce ATP?
PEP and 1,3BPG.
47
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What has to happen to F1,6BP to generate 2 G3P?
Is splits in half.
48
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What is added to G3P after it is oxidized by NAD+?
A phosphate group.
49
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What has to happen to 3PG in order to make pyruvate and an ATP?
Phosphate is removed and it is rearranged.
50
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Where do reaction of glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm.
51
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How much ATP is USED in glycolysis?
2\.
52
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What occurs after the formation of F1,6BP?
It splits into two 3GP molecules.
53
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How is 1,3BPG formed from G3P?
It is oxidized.
54
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How is pyruvate created from molecules of 1,3BPG?
Molecule is rearranged and loses a phosphate (makes NADH).
55
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What occurs during pyruvate oxidation?
Carbon is loss as CO2, loses H+ by oxidation and makes NADH. Produces Acetyl CoA.
56
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Where do reactions of krebs occur?
In the matrix of mitochondria.
57
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What molecule does acetyl CoA join with at the start or krebs?
Oxaloacetate.
58
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What is produced as a-ketoglutarate is changed into succinyl-CoA?
1 CO2, 1 NADH.
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As succinyl coA changes to succinate what is produced?
1 ATP, 1 CoA.
60
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What is generated in the final step of krebs?
OAA and NADH.
61
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What is produced in krebs for one glucose molecule?
6 NADH, 2 FADH, 2 ATP.
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Where is electron transport chain located?
The cristae folds, matrix and innermembrane space.
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What are basic components of ETC?
3 proton pumps, 2 e- carriers.
64
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What is the final electron acceptor?
Oxygen.
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What is produced at the end of ETC?
Water.
66
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What enzyme uses chemiosmosis to produce ATP?
ATP synthase.
67
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How many ATP does NADH produce?
3 ATP.
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What is the total number of ATP produced for one glucose molecule?
36-38 ATP.
69
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What does a granum contain?
Several thylakoids.
70
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Stomata allows for…
Carbon dioxide to diffuse in.
71
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What role may chlorophyll b & carotenoid play in photosynthesis?
They broaden the range that can be used in light reactions.
72
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Most plants appear green because chlorophyll…
Does not absorb green light.
73
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Chlorophyll has a porphyrin ring with ____ at the centre.
Magnesium.
74
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What part of a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?
Porphyrin ring.
75
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What dos PS2 create?
ATP.
76
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The b6-f complex pumps protons into the…
Thylakoid lumen.
77
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Ferredoxing is a constituent of…
PS1.
78
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The Calvin cycle takes place in the…
Stroma.
79
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What does RuBIsCO do?
Carbon fixation.
80
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Photorespiration involves…
O2 and RuBP.
81
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Only CAM plants can….
Capture CO2 at night.
82
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Productivity of photosynthesis is the rate of….
Oxygen production.
83
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How many fructose molecules are required to make 3 carbon intermediates of glycolysis?
1\.
84
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Oxaloacetate is converted to…
Citrate.
85
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What reducing agent is produced by succinate dehydrogenase?
FADH2.
86
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The movement of H+ through ATP synthase occurs from the…
Innermembrane space to the matrix.
87
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Fermentation is…
Anaerobic.
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Which process occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis.
89
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Guanine and Cytosine bind together with…
3 hydrogen bonds.
90
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DNA replication takes place when?
During S phase.
91
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DNA replication is semi conservative, that means…
All daughter strands include an original strand.
92
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What is the first action in DNA replication?
DNA unwinds.
93
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The replication fork is the location of the enzyme that…
Splits the strands into 2 parts.
94
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DNA polymerase III help replication by…
Combining nucleotides to the exposed strand.
95
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The lagging strand is called this because…
Nucleotides are added away from the rep. Fork.
96
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A replication bubble consists of…
An area of replication on DNA.
97
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What is the direction of elongation?
5’-3’
98
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The genetic code interprets nucleotides in groups of…
Three.
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What is the start codon?
AUG.
100
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What is the role of mRNA?
The template of translation.