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Continent
a very large landmass that is separated by water or natural features like water
Asia
-Biggest continent
-2/3 of worlds population
-48 countries (Includes India, China)
-tallest mountains (Himalayas)
-dead sea (lowest point on land)
Africa
-2nd biggest continent
-54 countries (includes Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa...)
longest river (Nile)
-non polar desert the Sahara ( worlds biggest desert)
-rich in minerals 95% of diamonds and 50% gold
-great pyramids of Giza, Egypt
North America
-3rd biggest continent
-USA and Canada
-most dominant languages spanish,french, english
-bordered by atlantic, artic, and pacific
-has all climate types
South America
-4th biggest continent
-12 countries ( Brazil and Argentina)
-The Amazon (biggest rainforest)
Antarctica
-3rd smallest continent
-surrounded by souther ocean
-coldest, windiest, and driest
Europe
-2nd smallest continent
-44 countries (France,UK,Germany)
-no deserts
oceania
-smallest continent
-new zealand and australia
Name continents from smallest to largest
Oceania, Europe, Antartica, South America, North America, Africa, Asia
Ocean
a very large area of salt water
Pacific Ocean
-bigges ocean
-surround by volcanos (ring of fire)
-great barrier of reef (largest reef)
-shrinks every year
Atlantic Ocean
-2nd biggest ocean
-youngest ocean
-reaches from north an south america to europe and africa
-mid atlantic ocean (longest underwater mountain range)
-bermuda triangle
Indian Ocean
-3rd biggest ocean
-warmest ocean
-40% of worlds oil supply
Southern Ocean
-second smallest ocean
-coldest and wildest
-Antartica circumpolar current
Aritc Ocean
-smallest ocean
-covered in ice
-lowest salinity level
The World Bank
assigns the world to four income groups:
-low income
-lower-middle income
-upper-middle income
-high income
classifications can change for 2 reasons:
-changes to atlast GNI per capita
-changes to classification thresholds
Sustaniability
the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Natural Capital
Natural resources and ecosystem services that keep humans and other species alive and support human economies.
Natural resources
materials/energy sources in nature essential or useful to humans
ecosystem services
free natural services provided by health ecosystems
ex : clean air and water, fertile soil for crop production, pollination, and flood control.
ecological footprint
amount of land and water needed to supply a individual or population with renewable sources
hydrologic cycle
continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface on earth
precipitation
air currents move clouds around globe, cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of sky (fall as snow or rain)
infiltration
water soaks into soil from ground level and moves underground between soil and rocks
transpiration
plants leaves eventually release water into the air
ground water
some water keeps moving down into the soil to a level filled with water
interception
prevents rainfall from immediately reaching the soil
groundwater discharge
some infiltration stays close to land surface and can seep back into surface water bodies and the ocean
condensation
water vapor in air is changed into liquid water
evaporation
liquid to water vapor
surface runoff
precipitation runoff over landscape
through-flow
water flow downhill within the soil
State the major components of the Earth's atmosphere
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, water vapor
ozone layer
absorbs UV radiation emitted by the sun
how does ozone depletion occur
CFCS release an rise into ozone layer
2.UV releases chlorine atom
3.Chlorine converts ozone to oxygen
4.Chlorine atoms remain in stratosphere, destroying ozone
Describe the ozone layer and outline its role in absorbing ultraviolet radiation
Ozone is concentrated layers in stratosphere and ozone absorbs a portion UV radiation preventing from reaching earths surface
Outline the natural greenhouse effect that maintains the Earth's ambient temperature
UV radiation passes through earth's atmosphere and is absorbed by earth's surface
some energy is re-emitted back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation
-greenhouse gases absorb some of this infrared radiation and prevent it from leaving the atmosphere
Trophosphere
-bottom layer in which we live in