Appendicular Skeleton Bones and Markings

Flashcards for identifying bones and markings of the appendicular skeleton.

Proximal Epiphysis

The end of a long bone located nearest to the midline of the body.

Distal Epiphysis

The end of a long bone located farthest from the midline of the body.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

Pectoral Girdle

The skeletal structure that supports the upper limbs, consisting of the clavicle and scapula.

Clavicle

Also known as the collarbone, it articulates with the sternum and scapula.

Sternal End

The medial end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum.

Acromial End

The lateral end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula.

Scapula

Also known as the shoulder blade.

Glenoid Cavity

A cavity on the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.

Upper Limb

Includes the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

Acromion

A bony projection on the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.

Spine

A prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula.

Coracoid Process

A hook-like process on the anterior surface of the scapula.

Humerus

The long bone of the upper arm, articulating with the scapula at the shoulder and the radius and ulna at the elbow.

Olecranon Fossa

A depression on the posterior side of the humerus that articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna when the arm is extended.

Trochlea

A spool-shaped process on the distal humerus that articulates with the ulna.

Capitulum

A rounded knob on the distal humerus that articulates with the radius.

Deltoid Tuberosity

A rough area on the lateral surface of the humerus where the deltoid muscle attaches.

Radius

The bone of the forearm located on the lateral (thumb) side.

Head (Radius)

The proximal end of the radius that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

Radial Tuberosity

A rough prominence on the proximal radius where the biceps brachii muscle attaches.

Styloid Process (Radius)

A bony projection on the distal radius.

Ulna

The bone of the forearm located on the medial (pinky) side.

Olecranon Process

A prominent process on the proximal ulna that forms the point of the elbow.

Semilunar Notch (Trochlear Notch)

A large, curved area between the olecranon and coronoid processes that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

Styloid Process (Ulna)

A bony projection on the distal ulna.

Carpals

The bones of the wrist (8)

Metacarpals

The bones of the hand (5).

Phalanges

The bones of the fingers (14).

Proximal Phalanx

The phalanx closest to the metacarpals.

Middle Phalanx

The phalanx between the proximal and distal phalanges.

Distal Phalanx

The phalanx farthest from the metacarpals.

Pelvic Girdle

The skeletal structure that supports the lower limbs, consisting of the os coxa bones.

Os Coxa Bones

Hip bones.

Ilium

The superior and largest bone of the os coxa.

Ischium

One of the three bones that fuse to form the os coxa; it forms the lower and back part of the hip bone.

Iliac Crest

The ridge of the ilium.

Sacroiliac Joint

The joint between the sacrum and the ilium.

Obturator Foramen

A large opening in the os coxa, formed by the ischium and pubis.

Ischial Tuberosity

A large prominence on the inferior part of the ischium.

Acetabulum

The socket in the os coxa that articulates with the head of the femur.

Pubis

One of the three bones that fuse to form the os coxa; it forms the anterior part of the hip bone.

Pubic Symphysis

The joint where the two pubic bones meet in the midline.

Pelvic Brim

The edge of the pelvic inlet.

Lower Limb

Includes the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

Femur

The long bone of the thigh.

Patella

The kneecap.

Head (Femur)

The proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum.

Neck (Femur)

The constricted area between the head and the trochanters of the femur.

Greater Trochanter

A large prominence located laterally on the proximal femur.

Lateral Condyle (Femur)

A rounded projection on the distal end of the femur, located on the lateral side.

Medial Condyle (Femur)

A rounded projection on the distal end of the femur, located on the medial side.

Tibia

The shin bone; the larger of the two lower leg bones.

Tibial Tuberosity

A prominence on the anterior surface of the proximal tibia.

Medial Malleolus

A bony projection on the distal end of the tibia, forming the medial side of the ankle.

Fibula

The smaller of the two lower leg bones, located laterally.

Lateral Malleolus

A bony projection on the distal end of the fibula, forming the lateral side of the ankle.

Head (Fibula)

The proximal end of the fibula.

Tarsals

The bones of the ankle (7).

Talus

A tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula.

Calcaneus

The heel bone.

Metatarsals

The bones of the foot (5).

Phalanges (Foot)

The bones of the toes (14).

Proximal Phalanx (Foot)

The phalanx closest to the metatarsals.

Middle Phalanx (Foot)

The phalanx between the proximal and distal phalanges.

Distal Phalanx (Foot)

The phalanx farthest from the metatarsals.