anatomy ch.7 over the axial skeleton: cranial and facial bones

what is included in the axial skeleton?

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

what is included in the appendicular skeleton?

upper and lower extremities, shoulders, hip bones

what is the difference between cranial and facial bones of the skull when it comes into contact with the brain?

cranial bones are in contact with the brain and facial bones are not

what are the two paired bones of the cranial bones?

the parietal and temporal

what are the names of the 4 sutures between the cranial bones?

coronal suture, saggital suture, lambdoid suture, and squamos suture

what is a fossa?

shallow depression or hallow surface

what are the 3 cranial fossae?

anterior cranial fossae, medial cranial fossae, posterior cranial fossae

what are the 4 general functions of the facial bones?

give shape to face, form part of the orbital and nasal cavities, support teeth, and serve as attachment site for muscle expressions like chewing

what is the general structure and function of paranasal sinuses?

they are cavities within the bones that help to lighten the skull

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

frontal sinus, ethmoidal sinus, sphenoidal sunus, and maxillary sinus

what are the three auditory ossicles?

malleus, incus, and stapes

where is the hyoid bone located?

between the mandible and larynx

how are auditory ossicles and hyoid bones different from other bones of the skull?

they do not associate with any other bones of the skull

what are the 4 major fontanelles?

mastoid fontanelle, sphenoidal fontanelle, anterior fontanelle, posterior fontanelle