US History I Test Chapter 9

Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)

The United States and Canada completely demilitarized their common their common border.

Convention of 1818

Fixed the U.S border up to the Rocky Mountains
Reached a compromise with Britain to jointly occupy the ORegon Territory for ten years

Adam-Onis Treaty

Ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy established in 1823 that opposes European colonialism in the Americas. It stated that any attempts by European nations to intervene in the affairs of the countries in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. The doctrine was based on the principle of opposing any further colonization by European nations and asserting that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European influence.

Missouri Compromise

A U.S. policy established in 1823 that opposes European colonialism in the Americas. It stated that any attempts by European nations to intervene in the affairs of the countries in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. The doctrine was based on the principle of opposing any further colonization by European nations and asserting that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European influence.

Specialization

Raising one or two cash crops that they could sell at home or abroad

Market Revolution

People bought and sold goods rather than making them for their own use. It caused a striking change in the U.S. economy.

Capitalism

The economic system in which private businesses and individuals control the means of production — such as factories, machines, and land — and use them to earn profits.

Vulcanized rubber

Charles Goodyear

Elias Howe

The sewing machine found its first use in shoe factories

I.M. Singer

Addiction of the foot treadle

Telegraph

Samuel F.B. Morse in 1837

John Deer

Invented first steel plow

Cyprus McCormick

Invented the mechanical reaper

Manifest Destiny

To express their belief that the United States’ destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory

What was the Black Hawk War?

White settlers in western Illinois and eastern Iowa placed pressure on the Native American people. The story of the Black Hawk convinced the Black Hawk to lead a rebellion against the United States.

What was the Treaty of Fort Laramie?

Native American nations control of the Central Plains. Native Americans promised not to attack settlers and to allow the construction of government forts and roads. The government pledged to honor agreed-upon boundaries and to make annual payments to Native Americans.

Santa Fe Trail

One of the busiest, well-known avenues of trade led 780 miles Independene, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Oregon Trail

Marcus & Narcissa Whitman went on the Oregon Trail to set up mission schools to convert Native Americans to Christianity and educate them

Latter Day Saints

A religious community that would play a major role in the settling of the West

Joseph Smith

Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Brigham Young

Smith’s successor who decided to move his followers beyond the boundaries of the United States

How was land distributed among the Mormons?

They awarded plots of lands to each family according to the size but hold common ownership of two critical resources—water and timerbland.

Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842

Settled disputes in the East and the Midwest when Great Britain and the United States disputed over land

James K. Polk’s Slogan

‘Fifty-Four Forty or Fight’
Represented his expansionist views

Who controlled Mexico prior independence?

Spain

Who controlled the Native Americans and taught them?

Spanish Missionairies

Tejanos

Tejanos are people of Mexican descent who were born or live in Texas. Their identity is significantly shaped by the cultural, social, and historical context of Texas, particularly during the time of its early settlement, independence from Mexico, and subsequent annexation to the United States. Tejanos played a vital role in Texas's history, contributing to its development and cultural heritage.

Empresarios

Mexico offered enormous land grants to agents. The empresarios attracted American settlers.

Stephen F. Austin

Known as the 'Father of Texas', Stephen F. Austin was an American empresario who led the colonization of the Texas territory in the early 19th century. He was instrumental in establishing the first successful Anglo-American settlement in Texas in 1821 and played a key role in the early government of the area. Austin facilitated negotiations between the settlers and the Mexican government and was a significant figure in the eventual fight for Texas independence.

What did Santa Anna do?

Suspended Mexican constitution, closes borders, and Austin gets imprisoned

Alammo & Goliad

Mexican forces laid siege upon the two abandoned missions where the Texan rebels lived.

San Jacinto

Santa Anna was defeated by Sam Houston.

Treaty of Velasco

Granted independence to Texas
Houston became president of the Republic of Texas

Why did the United States not annex the Texas Republic at first?

U.S opinion was visited because Southerners sought to extend slavery. At the same time, the Northerners feared the annexation of more slave territory would tip the uneasy balance in the Senate in favor of slave states.

James Polk

11th President

John Slidell

Spanish-speaking emissary sent to Mexico to purcahse California and New Mexico and to gain approval of the Rio Grande as the Texas border

Zachary Taylor

12th President, ordered to march to the Rio Grande and blockade the river

Stephen Kearney

Ordered by Polk to march across the desert to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

John C Fremont

Leads exploration into Northern Mexican territory

Winfield Scott

Military general who hatched a plan that took advantage of Santa Anna’s failed strategy and captured Mexico City on September 14, 1847

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande border for Texas, and ceded the Mexican Cession (included CA, NV, NM, and Arizona)

US agreed to pay $15 million
Mexicans living in these territories guaranteed freedoms of Americans

Gadsden Purchase

Established current borders of lower 48 states

James Marshall

American carpenter working on John Sutt’ers property who discovered gold at Sutter’s Mill

Fourty-Niners

Prospectors flocked to California in 1849 in the gold rush from Asia, South America, and Europe

Immigration through gold rush

Chinese were the largest group to come from overseas because of their specialty in mining for gold and using TNT