4.5 Spring Vocabulary List – Reading Explorer 4 – Units 6 - 10

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions from Units 6 to 10 of the Reading Explorer 4 course.

venture

A risky or daring journey or undertaking.

plot

A sequence of events in a story or narrative.

manipulative

Capable of influencing or controlling others in a skillful but often unfair or deceitful way.

commodity

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.

convenience

The state of being able to proceed with something with little effort or difficulty.

essentially

Used to emphasize the basic, fundamental, or intrinsic nature of a person or thing.

judgement

The ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible conclusions.

payment

The action or process of paying someone or something or of being paid.

policy

A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization or individual.

signify

To be an indication of or to mean.

stable

Not likely to change or fail; firmly established.

transaction

An instance of buying or selling something; a business deal.

trigger

An event that causes something to happen.

durable

Able to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.

gleaming

Shining brightly.

vast

Of very great extent or quantity; immense.

revelation

A surprising and previously unknown fact that has been disclosed to others.

livestock

Farm animals raised for commercial use.

evolved

Developed gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form.

tangible

Perceptible by touch; clear and definite.

ancient

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence.

goods

Merchandise or possessions.

asset

A useful or valuable thing, person, or quality.

drawback

A disadvantage or the negative part of a situation.

drug

A substance used as a medication or in the preparation of medication.

fraud

Wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain.

principle

A fundamental truth or proposition serving as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior.

scarce

Insufficient for the demand; rare.

sophisticate

A person with a lot of experience and knowledge about the world and culture.

stocks

The goods or merchandise kept on the premises of a shop or warehouse.

supposedly

According to what is generally assumed or believed.

verify

To make sure or demonstrate that something is true.

conceal

To keep something from being seen or known.

fatal

Causing death.

scarcity

The state of being in short supply; lack.

stability

The state of being stable; firmness.

fluctuate

To rise and fall irregularly in number or amount.

substantial

Of considerable importance, size, or worth.

peak

The highest point; apex.

evade

To escape or avoid, especially by cleverness or trickery.

currency

A system of money in general use in a particular country.

anonymous

Not identified by name; of unknown name.

evident

Clearly seen or understood; obvious.

faith

Complete trust or confidence in someone or something.

harmony

The combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes to produce chords.

organized

Arranged in a systematic way.

participant

A person who takes part in something.

progress

Forward or onward movement toward a destination.

prospective

Expected or expecting to be something particular in the future.

sacred

Connected with God (or the gods) or dedicated to a religious purpose.

society

The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.

suspect

To have an idea or impression of the existence or presence of something.

fog

A thick cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere.

swell

To increase in size or volume.

ash

The powdery residue left after the combustion of a substance.

pilgrimages

A journey to a sacred place for religious reasons.

ritual

A religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.

strategy

A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim.

impact

The action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.

colleagues

People with whom one works, especially in a profession or business.

pilgrims

People who journey to a sacred place for religious reasons.

mutual

Experienced or done by each of two or more parties toward the other or others.

aggression

Hostile or violent behavior or attitudes.

collaborate

To work jointly on an activity.

confront

To face up to and deal with a problem or difficult situation.

contemporary

Living or occurring at the same time; modern.

division

The action of separating something into parts.

harassment

Aggressive pressure or intimidation.

humanity

The human race; human beings collectively.

insult

Speak to or treat with disrespect or scornful abuse.

pressure

The continuous physical force exerted on or against an object.

substantial

Of considerable importance, size, or worth.

volatile

Liable to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse.

commonplace

Not unusual; ordinary.

perpetrator

A person who carries out a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.

anonymity

The condition of being anonymous.

belligerent

Hostile and aggressive.

inheritance

The act of receiving property, title, or rights upon the death of the previous holder.

fan the flames

To intensify something, such as a conflict or a feeling.

evolutionary

Relating to or denoting the gradual development of something.

bullying

The act of intimidating a weaker person.

remote

Situated far from the main centers of population; distant.

cease

To bring or come to an end.

compelling

Evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way.

dispute

A disagreement or argument.

grand

Magnificent and imposing in appearance, size, or style.

inconclusive

Not leading to a firm conclusion.

poison

A substance that is capable of causing the illness or death of a living organism.

relentlessly

In an unceasingly intense or harsh way.

revenge

The action of hurting or harming someone in return for an injury or wrong.

symptom

A physical or mental feature that is regarded as indicating a condition of disease.

autopsy

A postmortem examination to discover the cause of death.

ulcer

A sore on the skin or a mucous membrane.

toxicologists

Scientists who study the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.

royalist

A supporter of the royal family or of a monarchy.

deliberate

Done consciously and intentionally.

immunologist

A scientist who specializes in immunology.

aristocrat

A member of the aristocracy.

holds up

To support or sustain something.

estimation

The action of assessing something's value or size.